state; POMOI.OGICAI, SOCIETY. 57 



around them, or perhaps around a group of several spots. Of 

 course in some cases the whole side of the apple has rotted with 

 this secondary rot. The only remedy for this secondary rot 

 consists in better handling of the fruit. Probably these apples 

 would have mostly gone through this trying condition — what- 

 ever it may have been — had their skin not been injured by the 

 apple scab fungus. The common rot fungi have used the injury 

 by scab as an entrance point and thus have gained their start 

 in the apple. The lesson to be learned from this fruit is : 



First — Your orchard requires spraying for apple scab. 



Secondly — The fruit requires more careful handling, along 

 lines which you will probably understand, after it is picked and 

 stored. 



Ordinarily best results are secured by hurrying the apples 

 into cold storage as soon as possible after they are picked. If 

 this occurred in bins in your cellars, it indicates that the bins 

 were too large or too closely covered or else that the cellars need 

 more ventilation to avoid heating. 



