DAIRY QUALITIES IN SHORTHORNS. 361 



families are eminently adapted to beef, the Duchess and Prince i 

 are eminently adapted to milk, and when these two families were 

 combined they made the Grand Duchess which is considered the 

 highest perfection of combined milking stock of this breed. This 

 cow, in August 1856, a month after calving, running in the 

 pasture, gave sixty pounds uf milk on a trial of one half of her 

 udder at a time, sidewise and crosswise, leaving the other half to 

 the calf. As close a test as I could make showed sixty pounds a 

 day wliile running in pasture, without any extra feed. The next 

 March, the cream from five and a half quarts of her milk made a 

 pound of butter in three minutes of churning with a spoon. With 

 a churning that amounted to four pounds and a half of butter, I 

 had scarcely exceeding a pint of buttermilk. In the first test the 

 cream was stirred in a three-quart pot for three minutes with a 

 spoon. The character of the cream you can judge. It was more 

 than eighty per cent, butter. Of course the milk would have to 

 be handled very carefully or else it would form butter. This cow 

 required extra keep or else she would run down in the winter. 

 Cold seemed to strike through her. If she calved in the summer, 

 or fall, she would run down in the cold weather without extra 

 feed. She would not give milk remarkable in quality and quan- 

 tity without good feed, and it is unreasonable to expect that she 

 should. Something cannot be made out of nothing, which is an 

 important fact in practical farming that many have failed to learn, 

 strange as it may seem. 



An important question is, whether milk producing and beef 

 producing tendencies, separate or combined, can be propagated, 

 and it was in reference to this point that I brought to the atten- 

 tion of the farmers an account of a half blood heifer sired by one 

 of the calves of the cow whi«h I spoke of, raised in Massachu- 

 setts. This half blood heifer was four years old. She brought a 

 calf in Waterville where she was sent to be kept through the 

 spring and the first part of the summer, She was brought to this 

 town and her calf was taken off when a month old. The fourth 

 day of August she was put into the barn and kept on hay. It 

 was pretty dry. She was allowed to bait an hour at night by the 

 side of the road part of the time, and in a small enclosure part of 

 the time. She did not give an excessive How of milk. After the 

 second or third day from - her driving she gave thirteen quarts, 

 (milk measure). She held along through the warm weather with 

 only hay and baiting for an hour or two, sometimes pretty good, 



