SECRETARY'S REPORT. 73 



spaces, by snapping a chalk-line on the harrow frame, in eqiially distant 

 parallel lines, beginning at the centre ; now make the holes for the teeth 

 as near where these lines cross the timbers as practicable, varying them 

 at the extreme outside, to prevent the teeth being too close together in 

 the timber, but not allowing two teeth to be put into the same line. In- 

 sert the teeth perpendicularly, so that the harrow may be drawn a portion 

 of the time by one end, and then the other, self-sharpening the teeth, as 

 well as keeping them straight, not bedding the soil. This harrow may be 

 di-awn by horses over rocks and the like, and need rarely be unhitched, 

 as the middle will rise and let a rock pass, with the two sides of the 

 harrow doing execution on the soil, or either side will wing up like 

 an opening door, the other sustaining the most of the weight and do- 

 ing its appropriate work. The part of the harrow drawing ahead has 

 the teeth in the timber nearly eighteen inches apart, so that they offer 

 but slight resistance, and cut coarsely, at first, till the harrow has fairly 

 got within its clutches the sods, lumps, or what not, to be pulverized ; 

 it then begins to subdivide them till they come out like grain out of a 

 mill, well chewed up, and with no possibility of escape. It will rasp a 

 knoll, go into dead furrow, or straddle a ridge, with equal facility, and 

 do admirable execution. Grounds once harrowed by this harrow I deem 

 more benefited than t^tice harrowed by any other I ever saw : hence 

 it is, that I have been thus particular in the description. I have seen 

 cuts of the like, except the plan of varying the distances between the 

 teeth in the wood, which I deem of utmost importance. A harrow on the 

 same principle may be made lighter by putting three teeth to the joist, 

 making eighteen teeth, or by having four joists with three or four teeth 

 each. I took this harrow, a few years since, to an Agricultural Show, 

 and received the premium on it ; but I cannot say that a single farmer 

 has made one like it, though I have never had it used by any one who 

 has not admitted that it is the best he ever worked with. 



The common cultivator is now generally in use, in hoeing time, by 

 most of our farmers, having taken the place of the plough. 1 have 

 had in use, for some three years, the horse hoe, in place of the culti- 

 vator, and deem it a great acquisition ; so do my neighbors I think, 

 for many of them use it, though I do not know of another in town. 

 When the cultivator saves half of the work, the horse hoe will save 

 the other half, or by doing a trifle after it ; the soil will be left much 

 better adapted to the growth of the crop, than by any other process 

 3'et known. 



The roller, in some form, mostly the log roller, to be used with 

 oxen, is in general use among our fanners. Though the roller may 

 be used to great advantage in pulverizing soil for any crop, I think it 



