STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 335 



Meanwhile it will be a great encouragement toward the settlement 

 of northern Maine to be able to show that some kinds of fruit have 

 been discovered that can be grown there successfnll}-, even with the 

 moderate amount of care that is bestowed upon them b}- the average 

 farmer. 



One thing in this connection is but little known that ought to be 

 known. It is a f:ict that apples which do not keep well in one 

 section become good keepers when grown a little farther north. 

 The Rhode Island Greening and even the Baldwin, grown in 

 Pennsylvania, are onl_y late fall apples. But starting into growth 

 only two weeks later, in New England, makes them good keepers. 

 The little difference between Connecticut and southern Maine makes 

 Maine Baldwins and Greenings very much the best keepers, and 

 therefore the most valuable and salable fruit, either for home use- 

 or for export. 



Now this rule holds good when you go still further north. Jewett's 

 Fine Red (Nodhead) is an early winter apple in Massachusetts ; but 

 although it cannot be grown more than 80 or 90 milles north of 

 the Massachusetts line in New Hampshire, it there becomes a very 

 good keeper. Even the Gravenstein (too tender to succeed very 

 far north) becomes an early winter fruit along its northern limit, 

 and I am assured that the Duchess of Oldenburgh is one of the 

 standard winter apples of Russia between latitudes 55° and 60°. 

 The reason for this is undoubtedly- the shortness of the growing 

 season in the higher latitudes. 



While here, on the eastern side of America, we have as cold 

 winters as Russia combined with summers as long as those of 

 France, and warmer, yet the same rule will be found to hold good, 

 though not with the same apples. I doubt if we shall find man}', 

 if an5% very long keeping apples among the apples of Russia, when 

 brought to this country. We shall have to depend upon our own 

 seedlings. 



It is unfortunate that the family of apples brought by our ancestors 

 from England produces ver,y few seedlings that are what is called 

 "iron clad" in resistance to a low winter temperature. I have never 

 found one variety that is entirely and reliably hardy where I live. 

 The family of apples brought from France into Canada is a little 

 hardier than our New England apples, yet they only succeed well in 

 the immediate vicinity of the St. Lawrence river. I know of but 

 one Canadian apple that is truely "iron clad," and that, the "Peach 



