218 PREJUDICE AGAINST INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS. 



You will find, then, in the catalogues of almost all schools of 

 engineering, mining, and the like, full courses in the sciences on 

 which the arts depend, and an introduction into the French and 

 German, in which languages a large proportion of our best scien- 

 tific works are written. 



"All the polytechnic schools in Germany are rapidly approach- 

 ing the university type. The teaching of the principles, and not 

 the application, is becoming more and more the main object."* 

 Prof. Hilgard, formerly of the Michigan, now of California Uni- 

 versitj^, speaking of agricultural schools, says, the "model farm 

 system on the old plan is rapidly giving way everywhere before 

 that system which, while affording abundant opportunity to the 

 student to become an expert in all kinds of agricultural opera- 

 tions, directs his attention chiefly to the principles upon which a 

 successful practice must be based, and which are applicable every- 

 where and always." — Address on Progressive Agriculture, p. 30. 

 The Carlsruhe Agricultural School, one of the most prosperous 

 and useful in Europe, has among its regulations, posted in large 

 type the announcement, " This school is concerned with the culti- 

 vation of the mind of the student ; not with learning the technical 

 operations of agriculture. "f 



Liebig says, " I have found, in all those attending my laboratory 

 who intended to pursue a technical course of study, a general 

 predisposition to devote themselves to some branch of applied 

 chemistry. It is only with feelings of fear and trepidation that 

 they consent to follow my advice, and give up the time they 

 thus waste on mere drudgery to making themselves acquainted 

 with the methods by which pure scientific problems are soluble, 

 and by which alone they can be solved. There are many of my 

 pupils now at the head of many departments of manufacturing 

 industry, who, having had no previous acquaintance with the 

 processes, were in half an hour perfectly au fait with all the 

 details of the manufacture, while in a short time they saw and 

 introduced all kinds of necessary reforms and improvements." 



By means of the international exhibition of 1851 in London, and 

 1867 in Paris, Great Britain perceived that she was being out- 

 stripped in the quality of the fabrics and wares on which her 

 wealth so largely depended. She appointed a commission, she 

 interrogated her consuls, a council of arts sent eighty skilled 



* Nature, vol. 2, p. 42, 1870 (leader). t Nature, vol. 1, p. 476. 



