REPORT OF STATE HORTICULTURIST. 59 



The adult fly emerges during tihe early summer and soon 

 after the females commence depositing the eggs. One femaie 

 may lay as many as 200 eggs during the season, depositing but 

 a single egg in a fruit. The fly lights on the fruit, seeks a de- 

 sirable place, pierces the fruit with her ovipositor and pushes 

 the egg under the skin. After hatching the grub commences to 

 feed and travel through the fruit, turning finally into the inte- 

 rior and entering a seed. After growing too large for one 

 seed, it binds several together and continues to feed on their 

 contents. Occasionally they leave the fruit before it drops, 

 but more often they remain until afterwards. They enter 

 the soil at about one-half inch in depth where they form cells 

 and transform to pupae in which stage they pass the winter. 

 Their habits are very similar to those of the apple maggot. 



Poultry running between the rows aid in suppressing their 

 work. Late and early cultivation also cause their destruction, 

 v/hile a mulch in the spring prevents the flies from gaining the 

 vines. 



A sweetened poison spray — sugar three pounds, arsenate of 

 lead four ounces, water five gallons — seems to attract the fly, 

 but it is often necessary to make a number of applications. 



GREEN APPLE APHIS. 



A careful examination of the young twigs and water sprouts 

 of apple trees, during the winter months, often show great 

 numbers of tiny, black, oval eggs. Such eggs are found to be 

 those of the green aphis which have been laid there in the fall. 

 Although great quantities of these are often found, it is gen- 

 erally considered that only about one to five per cent, of them 

 are able to withstand climatic conditions in the East and that 

 the rest never hatch. 



The history oif these insects is interesting. The young which 

 hatch from the eggs in the spring give rise to all succeeding 

 generations and are termed "stem mothers" when fully devel- 

 oped. After hatching, theiy work upon the newly opened bud.-^ 

 and tender leaves. Every stem mother wiien full grown gives 

 birth to living young without any intercourse with the male. 

 Very few of the second generation have wings. The succeeding 

 broods develop a large percentage of winged females which are 



