176 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



Among the indirect methods of fighting the disease none are more 

 important than those which secure slow growth and earl}' maturity 

 of the shoots. This has been recognized from the first agitation of 

 the subject, but until the present time there has been no unanimity 

 of opinion as lo the exact objects to be accomplished. 



Of genuine remedies there are none ; but as the disease is local, 

 and spreads through the tissues slowl}', it is possible, as has long 

 been known, to effectively check its progress by amputation. The 

 smaller limbs are to be cut off a foot or two below the lowest mani- 

 festation of the disease, and the spots on the trunk and larger limbs 

 are to be shaved out, cutting deep enough to remove all discolora- 

 tion. A careful operator will keep the knife disinfected with car- 

 bolic acid or otherwise ; if this is not done the disease will be con- 

 veyed in a small percentage of instances to the freshl}' cut surface, 

 necessitating a subsequent excision. The beneficial effects of this 

 treatment are least apparent during periods of epidemic, when the 

 tree is attacked at almost every vulnerable point. At such times 

 a more radical method has been found serviceable, which is to cut 

 off the whole top to within a foot or two of the ground. It can be 

 practiced to advantage upon trees that are as much as ten years old, 

 or even older. 



THE BOAIIDMAN^ APPLE. 



[From Report of U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Pomology, 1886.] 



A box of very handsome apples of medium size and qualit}' was 

 received from Mr. E. H. Purington, of West Farmington, Me., said 

 by him to be from a seedling of th. Dean, and which I named ''Board- 

 man," in honor of Samuel L. Boardman, the Secretary of the Maine 

 State Pomological Society. Below is a description of one of the 

 specimens : 



Size, small to medium, 2J inches; shape, flat, conical, but not 

 pointed, regular ; surface, smooth, glossy, bright mixed and splashed 

 carmine almost entirely covering a white ground ; dots, not very 

 numerous, gray, prominent; basin, medium, abrupt, regular, slightly 

 marked with russet or leather-cracked ; eye, small, partially open ; 

 cavity, deep, narrow, furrowed, but little russeted ; stem, long, slen- 

 der ; core, small, closed ; seeds, broad, plump, sharply pointed, dark ; 

 flesh, very white, tender, fine grained, juicy ; flavor, subacid, not 

 rich ; quality, good ; season, December to spring in Maine. 



