THE AMERICAN BOTANIST. 5 



most primitive being placed first as usual. The first divis- 

 ion is made upon the joining of the petals— all with petals 

 united being placed in a section called Sympetalx and the 

 rest forminof the d\\ns,\on Archichlamvdcae. Sometimes the 

 word Gatnopetalse is substituted for Sympetala and 

 Choripetalas for Archichlamydete. It will readily be seen 

 that some of the Archichlamydefe are very primitive when 

 it is known that many of the flow^ers have numerous 

 pistils and stamens spirally arranged and lack both calyx 

 and corolla. In this least specialized division there are 

 represented in Eastern America twent\'-seven orders and 

 a great number of families ; in the other there are nine 

 orders and fewer families but nearh' as many species. 



The Archichlamydcce are divided into two groups ; 

 one with petals and the other without, and this latter 

 division is further divided into two groups, in one of which 

 is placed all those species without a calyx. Taking these 

 apetalous and asepalous species of the most primitive 

 divisions first, we find them arranged in seven Orders, the 

 first of which the Casurinales is not represented with us. 

 The next order, the Piperales, named for the pepper family 

 is represented only by the lizard tails (Saururus). The 

 third order, the Salicales, named for the great willow 

 genus (Salix) contains also the poplars. The Myricales 

 contain only the bayberry family and the Leitneriales are 

 only represented (in the Southern United States) by the 

 cork-wood famih^ The Balanopsidales are not repre- 

 sented in our territory. The next order, the Juglandales, 

 named for the walnuts (Juglans) includes the hickories 

 and forms the last of the orders without calyxes. 



The Fagales, named for the beech {Fagus) begins the 

 orders that possess a calyx. In this order are found the 

 birches, alders, oaks, chestnuts and hazels. The stamin- 

 ate flowers at least are in ments and this feature distin- 

 guishes these plants from the elms, mulberries, nettles, etc. 

 of the Urticales whose flowers are clustered but not in 

 true catkins. The foregoing orders are remarkable for 

 their large number of trees. Among them will be found a 



