THE AGRICULTUKAL NEWS. 



Tick Suppression 



( ^-^--J 



OR 



Tick Eradication? 



How often should Cattle be Sprayed ? 



"•'i '"■;-!-a>^ 



BATTLE TICK 



PCMALB 



HALF MEASURES. There are innumerable Cattle owners who ihink that the object of dipping or spraying Is lo keep ticks from getting 6n to 

 the cattle : this wrong impression is held almost always by those men who do not set before themselves as their goal the absolute eradication of licks from 

 their property, but are content simply to keep the number of ticks within bounds. These men aim merely at tick " suppression," and are apparently 

 content to regard ticks as a trouble that will always be with them : they look forward with equanimity to the prospect of having always to keep on spraying 

 their cattle from time to time, and do not even realise that it is perfectly possible, by spraying or dipping regularly and thoroughly, to completely eradicate 

 ticks from a property within a period of two or three years. 



"ERADICATION SHOULD BE THE AIM. It should, therefore, be most strongly emphasised that the determination which should be behind 

 catde dipping, or spraying operations, is not merely lo "suppress" licks, but lo completely eradicate fliem. 



So far from it being desired to keep licks off cattle, the whole idea is to use the cattle to collect the ticks from the infested pastures, and then to kill all 

 the ticks on the cattle by spraying or dipping them in a tick-destroying fluid. In this way the licks are being continually " mopped up" by the cattle, and 

 (he pasture eventually becomes absolutely free from ticks. 



THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PROPER INTERVAL. But it will be clear that, if this desirable result is to be obtained, the cattle must 

 be treated sufficiently often to prevent any ticks which gel on afier one dipping from falling off again before (he Cattle are again dipped. If the interval 

 between treatments is too long, many female ticks will fall off without ever having been dipped or sprayed, hach of ihese female licks will lay several 

 thousand eggs, which means that the pasture is being continually re-infested with young ticks. The importance of not allowing any lemale tick to escape spraying 

 will be realised if it is borne in mind that the progeny of one single female tick may, within a period of seven months, come to number 6,750,000,000 mdividuals. 



INTERVAL DEPENDS ON LIFE HISTORY. In considering what is the proper interval between sprayings or dippings., the deciding factor 

 must be the period which a tick spends on an animal from the lime it first gets on, as a seed lick, until the time it falls off as a fully-engorged female, ready 

 to lay eggs. 



It ha? been proved beyond all doubt that the ordinary Cattle Tick requires at least three weeks to complete that portion of ils life-cvcle which it 

 spends on an animal, ll follows, therefore, that one dipping or spraying every 21 days, is quite sufficient to catch and destroy all ticks which have got 

 on lo the animal since the previous dipping. If ihe operation is performed every fortnight, so much the better, as licks will be eradicated more quickly. 



AN OFFICIAL RECOMMENDATION. The following procedure is recommended by the Jamaica Department of Agriculture, when first 

 commencing iick-eradicalion measures : — 



Spray once, handpicking engorged female ticks on the point of dropping. Spray again 10 days later. If ticks still appear, spray again 10 days later. 

 U no ticks are found, spray 3 weeks later. Spray every 3 weeks throughout the year, whether any ticks are seen or not. 



The next year ihe three-weekly spraying should be persisted in. The following year the property should be free from ticks, if this procedure is 

 observed and ihe sprajing is always very thoroughly carried out. 



HOW LONG TO CONTINUE SPRAYING. If ticks apparently disappear from the Cattle after they have been under treatment for some time, 



the dipping or spraying should not f>e discontinued until it has been determined by a number of careful hand inspections that the cattle are real! . free of ticks. 

 If ticks continue on catlle until cold weather and then (inall ■ disappear, it should be borne in mind that in all probability eradicaiion has not really been 

 accomj lished, as there may be engorged females, unhatched eggs, ^ind inactive seed ticks on ihe farm ; consequently, even if the cattle should remain free of licks 

 during the winter, thev may become re-infested the following spring. In any case in which licks disappear (rom the calllc and irealment is discontinued, 

 the catde should be v/aiched with the greatest care for licks until ample time has elapsed to leave no doubt that the property is free of licks. 



HOW TO KmiP A PROPERTY CLEAN. After a property nas been freed of ticks, precautions should be observed to prevent ticks from 

 . being reintroduced. In case it becomes recessary to bring cattle from a ticky property, they should be completely freed of ticks before being 

 brought on the place; or, if this is not possible, a quarantine lot. or pen, should be set aside lo be used exclusively for ticky cattle, where such caule may be 

 kept and entirely freed of ticks before being placed with other cattle. St.cii cattle may be freed of ticks by dipping them twice at an mierval of 10 days in an 

 arsenical dip. After ihe second dipping, the cattle ; hould not be placed -n die quarantine pen, \\ hich may be " ticky," but placed in a tick-free lol, where they 

 can be observed for a time, 'o make absolutely certain that they can" -o ticks, after which they may be placed with the other cattle. 



COOPER'S CATTLE TICK DIP 

 #/«• received the official approval of the following CoantrlcM: 

 Vfllon of Soulb Africa. Northern Rhodesia, Brazil. Basutolaid, 



Nyasalaod. Swazilaod, Southern Rhodesia, Madagascar, 



arltlsh East Africa. German East Africa, Portuguese East Africa, 



Portuguese West Africa, Egypt, Argentine Repoblic, QueeasUid, 



United States of America. New South Walca. 



Northern Territory of Aastrallt* 



WEST INDIAN AGENTS; 



ST. KITTS: 5. L. Hor*ford & Co. ANTiaUA: Bennett. Bry'On ft C«« 



JAMAICA: D. Henderson & Co., Kincston. 



(ikKNAOA; Thomson, Ilankey & Co. 



DARBAIK).*^: Barbados Co-operative Cotton Co.. Ltd. 



BAHAMAS: W. N. Twynam. Nassau. 



TRIMDAI): T. Geddes Grant. Port of Spain. 



BRITISH nuiANA: Sandbach. Parker & Co. 



ST. VINCENT: Corea & Co., Kingstown. NEVIS: S. D. Malone. 



DANISH WEST INDIES: A. Schmiegelow. St. Croix. 



MONTSERRAT: W. Llewellyn Wall. DOMINICA: Hon.H. A.FramptOB. 



ST. LUCIA: Barnard Sons A Co.. Castries. 



Manufacturers : WILLIAM COOPER & NEPHEWS, Berkhamsted, England. 



BRANCHES : T*iwto, CUci(«, SjiMtj, Miftl1l> AKklud. Bbcuw Airct, Moite Vi<)eo, Pant* Anmi, E«it Ui4«d, 04m«. 



