INSTITUTE PAPERS. lOI 



to be recognized by all civilized countries. State and national 

 experiment stations and research by scientific men at home and 

 abroad, the former employing a couple of thousand or more 

 of investigators of scientific problems relating to farming, are 

 creating a scientific and general literature of a volume so great 

 that no man can acquire, digest and assimilate it as rapidly as it 

 appears. It has acquired the richest of all industrial literature. 

 We must as a body encourage education by the State of farm 

 youths in the essentials and to some degree in the arts of agri- 

 culture, while we who are of adult age must keep actively alive 

 to the current literature of agriculture, especially that part 

 which relates properly to the investigation of the problems of 

 our industry. At least our high schools receiving farm youths 

 must organize courses in the elementary principles of agricul- 

 ture. How, it is not our province to discuss, only that it must 

 be. Nor are you primarily interested in this education. Other 

 industries, and the city itself, have a larger interest, since the 

 type of your agriculture and the result of your efforts are the 

 measure of the price of food of every child of the State, and 

 through the workers ot other industries set the price of second- 

 ary products, and set the bound of human progress. 

 • Thirdl}-, we must increase the volume of our output. Before 

 discussing this subject, in a preliminary way I desire to say 

 that the farmer should not be satisfied with more hours of 

 labor than other classes of people, nor with less reward. When 

 I inquired of a young man at the station in relation to the 

 Institute he said he could not inform me and had no interest 

 in it ; that he had left his farm because he could get $2 a day 

 for seven or eight hours' work, and that he preferred his pres- 

 ent place to his fatiier's farm. This more perfectly marks the 

 real attitude of our youths toward land than anything else can, 

 since this young man preferred a life of intellectual dependence 

 and industrial subserviency to one of individuality and to the 

 independent position of land owner where he might develop 

 those qualities which make for a strong and resolute manhood. 

 In visiting a meeting of Grangers, I found the subject of dis- 

 cussion was "Can farmers limit their day to ten hours?" All 

 the speakers agreed that it was necessary for them to work 

 from thirteen to fifteen hours a day in order to accomplish their 

 tasks and maintain a balance sheet. In response to an invita- 



