MAINE AGRICULTURAI, EXPERIMENT STATION. 191O. 33 1 



somewhat raised above the bark especially in the center where 

 there is a little prominence. When the scale is somewhat rubbed 

 the center portion appears yellowish, around which the con- 

 centric circles, representing lines of growth, may be seen (fig. 

 4, c). The full grown male scale is elongated, the prominence 

 near one end and the lines of formation eccentric instead of 

 concentric. If the scale be lifted by means of a needle, there 

 will be seen a little yellowish body; the insect proper (fig. 4, a). 

 The newly born insects of both sexes possess eyes, legs, antennae 

 and mouth parts, and crawl about for a few hours upon twigs. 

 When a suitable place is found they settle, insert their long 

 beaks through the bark and begin to suck the plant juice. The 

 scale begins to form even before the young insect becomes 

 fixed, and is at first pale grayish yellow, gradually becoming 

 darker, the central projection usually remaining lighter colored. 

 The insect under the scale now loses legs and antennae, the 

 female also losing her eyes. Later the male scale assumes an 

 elongate oval shape, and later still, 3 or 4 weeks after birth, it 

 again undergoes a transformation and appears as a mature 

 insect with legs, antenna?, eyes and wings. The female ma- 

 tures in 5 or 6 weeks, remaining fixed in position under the 

 scale, legless and wingless. There are several generations each 

 season. 



REMEDIES. 



While there are a number of insect parasites which are nat- 

 ural enemies of the scale, chief reliance must be placed upon 

 fumigation and spraying early in the spring before growth 

 begins to keep it under control. ]\Iiscible oils, kerosene emul- 

 sions (Formula 7), and lime and sulphur washes (Formula 4) 

 are all to be recommended for sprays, while nursery stock im- 

 ported from localities known to be infested should be fumi- 

 gated. Complete directions for spraying and fumigating will 

 be found in Farmers' Bulletin 127, "Important Insecticides: 

 Directions for their Preparation and Use," and "San Jose 

 Scale," Circular 42, Second Series, Division of Entomology. 

 These papers may be obtained upon request by addressing 

 "United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C." 



