4o8 agriculture: of maine. 



green apples. The fungus spread, rather rapidly in the tissues 

 of winter apples which were inoculated early in August so that 

 in 2 weeks one-half of each apple was decayed. It causes a 

 rapid and complete decay of ripe apples. 



PJioma decay. This rot is caused by Phoma mail Schulz & 

 Sacc, which is able to attack both wood and fruit. A more ex- 

 tended account of this fungus is given in Bulletin 170 of this 

 Station. It causes only a slight decay of green apples but when 

 ripe apples are inoculated the rot spreads almost as rapidly as in 

 the case of some of the well known apple destroying fungi. 

 When the fruit is thoroughly invaded the pycnidia break out on 

 the surface giving somewhat the same appearance as in the case 

 of black rot but there is usually considerable mycelium on the 

 surface of the apple and this is white in color. 



Hypochnus decay. Eustace* has described a decay of apples 

 in New York caused by a species of Hypochnus. A fungus 

 which agrees in certain characteristics with the one described 

 by Eustace has been found here associated with a surface spot- 

 ting or pitting somewhat like the Baldwin spot and Cylindro- 

 sporium troubles of apples. The fungus which we have had in 

 culture for 3 years has never fruited, although it has been grown 

 on a variety of culture media and so it is impossible to state pos- 

 itively that it is the same fungus which Eustace studied but it 

 has the same kind of clamp connections of the cells of the my- 

 celium and the fungus agrees in appearance with his descrip- 

 tion. Inoculations with this fungus caused only a small sunken 

 spot of decayed tissue at the point of inoculation. 



Fusarium decay. The examination of decaying apples from 

 a large number of sources has frequently shown the presence of 

 Fusarium spores. In some cases Fusarium has been found 

 fruiting on the surface of decayed fruit, the rather thick masses 

 of spores giving a pink color, in other cases the mycelium has 

 been found in the cavity around the seeds sometimes destroying 

 the seeds. In the seed cavity it is either white or reddish in col- 

 or. The spores are produced in considerable numbers on this 

 mycelium. Fusarium is sometimes found associated with other 

 fungi forming a thick felt-like growth over injured places on the 

 surface of apples. From such a growth on one apple one of us 

 (L.) has isolated 8 different fungi, 4 of which, including one 



''Eustace, H. J., N. Y. State Sta. Bui. 235, pp. \2y12g, 1903. 



