STATE POMOLOGICAIv SOCIETY. 49 



the apple has been stunted in growth and has suffered malform- 

 ation, while the russeted surface may be greatly roughened or 

 even corrugated. In very severe cases the skin may crack and 

 show A— shaped splits on the surface of the fruit. 



The following points seem fairly well established : — 



I St. Bordeaux injury is a definitely recognized trouble. 



2nd. Improperly made bordeaux is not the sole cause of in- 

 jury, and excess of lime does not seem to have an appreciable 

 effect in preventing it. 



3rd. Bordeaux appears to be aggravated in its injurious ac- 

 tion by unfavorable weather conditions following the time of 

 spraying. Wet weather so following is especially conducive 

 to injury. 



4th. Agencies such as frost and other factors not accounted 

 for may produce a characteristic russeting on fruit, entirely 

 independent of any spray. 



5th. Varieties vary greatly in susceptibility to injury. 



6th. The severity and general occurrence of injury in cer- 

 tain seasons of untoward weather conditions make it probable 

 that weather is an important factor in causing injury. Even 

 small dift'erences of local atmospheric conditions may accoimt 

 for entire difference of results. 



Let me pause here to emphasize this point — that injury from 

 bordeaux was not, and is not, a regular or annual occurrence; 

 tliat up to a very short time it was the best fungicide known for 

 orchard spraying and that in spite of the occasional injury no 

 orchardist could afifbrd to take the chances of exposing his crop 

 to the certain ravages of insect and fungus enemies by abandon- 

 ing the spray pump. 



We find that in 1907 Professor Cordley of the Oregon Sta- 

 tion began his series of experiments with lime-sulphur as a 

 summer spray for the control of apple scab. These experiments 

 he has conducted every season since, with decided success. 



Three kinds of lime-sulphur preparations were employed : 

 The so-called self-boiled, the home-boiled and commercial or 

 factory boiled solutions. The nature of these we will consider 

 more fully hereafter. 



In general, the results obtained by these men were highly 

 encouraging. Self-boiled lime-sulphur appears to be an es- 

 sentially safe and effective fungicide for the control of peach 



