REPORT OF STATE HORTTCUETURIST. 53 



insure its control, and depended upon the codling moth spray to 

 check it. In these cases it was proven conclusively that spray- 

 ing at this time is not effective and that an earlier application 

 must be put on. 



The spores of this disease live through the winter in the 

 leaves under the trees and are liberated during the moist 

 weather of early summer. When set free into the air they are 

 carried to the foliage and start growth at once. 



The summer spores are soon produced and spread rapidly 

 under favorable weather conditions. The lower leaves are 

 usually infected first* then all parts of the foliage and fruit. 



Because of this rapid development and dissemination, it is 

 necessary to spray two or three times during the season, to ef- 

 fectually control it. 



In the fruit the fungus grows between the skin and the under- 

 lying tissue, causing the diseased regions to grow more slowly 

 than the other parts of the fruit. Occurring on the stem 

 it cuts off the supply of nourishment from the young fruit and 

 causes it to fall early. On the stem of the leaf it also shuts off 

 the supply of food and often causes it to fall prematurely. As 

 the fruit grows larger, scab, if abundant, causes one side to 

 become dwarfed and cracked, presenting a lopsided appearance. 



In storage the disease spreads rapidly, and renders worthless 

 much of that fruit which was clean when put in. 



Other diseases such as pink rot, blue mold, etc., gain an en- 

 trance in the scab spots and cause rapid decay. 



Its importance has been greatly underestimated and it is 

 time that we appreciated the amount of damage it is capable of 

 doing. Trees whose foliage has been badly infected, are cer- 

 tain to be less vigorous the following season, as the disease has 

 interfered with the proper accumulation of nourishment. Some- 

 times the entire failure of a crop is due to the presence of this 

 fungus. 



In treating this disease the first application should be made 

 just before the blossoms open, when the buds are showing pink. 

 Either Bordeau mixture 4-4-50 or lime sulphur i — 20 may be 

 used, together with 2 1-2 lbs. of arsenate of lead. 



Lime-sulphur should be used for the second and third spray- 

 ings at the rate of i — 40 with 2 1-2 lbs. of arsenate of lead, 



