REPORT OF STATE HORTICULTURIST. 49 



State. Most varieties, and particularly the Baldwin, were seri- 

 ously handicapped by the infestation of this insect. It will not 

 be surprising if the trees show a lack in vigor next year as the 

 leaves have had a poor opportunity of fulfilling their regular 

 functions. 



On examination these spots first show darker color than the 

 remainder of the leaf; this color changing to a dark brown on 

 the apple and a reddish brown on the pear, as the season ad- 

 vances. Many times these spots merge and cover a large por- 

 tion of the leaf, often causing it to fall prematurely. 



Lime-sulphur has proven the best material for control, but 

 whether fall or spring applications are best, it is impossible to 

 say, as little fall spraying has been practiced. A medium time 

 in the spring gave the best results ; not so early that there was 

 little life in the tree and not so late that the mites had a chance 

 to enter the opening leaf tips. As these insects live through 

 the winter in the folds of the leaf buds, it would seem that the 

 fall application would be more effective. 



Bud Moth. More or less damage is done each year by this 

 pest, but it is hardly ever a serious menace to the crops. The 

 lead in the spray for scab has controlled it sufficiently to insure 

 a good set of fruit. 



Woolly Aphis. This pest has been found from time to time 

 in the abrasions of the bark and is easily noticed because of 

 its whitish, cottonlike covering. Only a very few of the root 

 infesting forms have been seen on the nursery stock this year. 



Codling Moth. The results obtained by growers in spraying 

 for the codling moth were particularly gratifying and the per- 

 centage of wormy fruit was greatly reduced. One grower, 

 spraying for the first time, had but two wormy apples from a 

 tree that bore six barrels of fruit. Its control depends largely 

 upon thoroughness and applying the spray within a limited 

 period after the blossoms fall. In some varieties this year, the 

 calyces had closed too much at the end of six days to warrant 

 effective work. This seemed to be especially true of the vari- 

 eties that are most susceptible to the attacks of this pest. 



Arsenate of lead gave better satisfaction than any of the 

 other materials when everything is considered, although it is 



