202 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



by varying factors permanently or temporarily operative (physical pain, 

 mental disquietude, repose, strain of suspense or expectation, stimulation 

 to movement, rhythmical tendency, associations, suggestions, preference 

 for melody, harmony, or rhythm in music, but not musical capacity, 

 etc.) ; that we can lay down limits within which the preferences for 

 intervals and musical tempos will most probably come (0.40 to 0.70 

 sec.) ; and that the vigor of the responses in music varies according as 

 the time is two-four or three-four, and according to the relative influence 

 of other factors than that of speed (catchiness" or familiarity of the 

 music, incisiveness of the accent, etc. ) . 



Dr. Strong said in abstract: In an extensive study of the relative 

 values of the motives, which are used in advertisements, that lead one 

 to buy toilet soap, a number of interesting facts as to class and sex dif- 

 ferences were noted. It was found that the order of preference for such 

 motives as were obtained from fifty college students correlated very 

 high with similar orders from educated men and from educated women. 

 In fact, there were no specific differences between such orders. But an 

 order of preference from a group of one hundred men living in and 

 about Garrison, N. Y., showed a negative correlation. The striking 

 point about this latter order, however, was not so much that uneducated 

 persons do not agree with educated ones with respect to which are the 

 strong motives, but that they do not agree amongst themselves at all — 

 their order being little more than a chance order. This is the more 

 striking when we realize that two groups of educated women correlated 

 as high as -4- .93. In this study, it was very clear that women are less 

 variable in their judgments as to the merit of these motives or appeals 

 than are men. Xot only were the corresponding probable errors of the 

 medians smaller in almost every case among the women, but the various 

 sub-groups of women correlated higher with respect to each other tban 

 did the sub-groups of men. Such motives as "beauty" and "for the 

 baby" ranked higher among the women than among the men, but the 

 surprising thing here was that the two sexes agreed so closely with 

 respect to the other motives. 



Professor Thorndike reported results of five subjects, each working 

 eight hours (two hours on each of four days) at adding printed examples, 

 each of ten one-place numbers. It was found that initial spurt did not 

 appear at all as a general tendency in all students, or consistently in the 

 work of any one of them. There was a slight tendency to spurt in the 

 last five minutes, but this was very slight and by no means consistent 

 throughout the group, or important in the case of any member of the 

 group. Warming up was found to play a slight and possibly inap- 



