RECORDS OF MEETINGS 203 



preciable part in the curve of work. The influence of practise and that 

 of fatigue approximately balanced, so that the general tendency of the 

 character of the work is not only toward rectilinearity, but also toward 

 parallelism with the base line. 



Dr. Hollingworth said in abstract : Sixteen subjects were given doses 

 of caffein alkaloid (1-6 grains), at varying times of day, for a period 

 of a month. Incidentally to a series of mental tests which were con- 

 tinued throughout this period, each subject recorded the approximate 

 number of hours' sleep after each day and graded the quality of the 

 night's rest as "better than usual," "ordinary," or "worse than usual." 

 Adequate control methods were used. Clear individual differences were 

 shown in the effect of the drug on the quality of sleep — and these dif- 

 ferences were independent of age, sex and size differences. On the basis 

 of the squad averages, doses of 1-1 grains do not impair sleep. Doses 

 larger than these produce sleeplessness. This effect is greatest when the 

 dose is taken day after day, allowing a cumulative effect. When a single 

 dose is taken on alternate days, the effect is greatest when the caffein 

 is taken between meals. Taken with meals, its action is weakened and 

 retarded. Only in exceptional cases does sleeplessness follow the 1-4 

 grain dose, and in many cases a 6-grain dose is without effect. The 

 "approximate number of hours" of sleep does not seem to be modified 

 by the action of the drug, probably because this matter is controlled by a 

 more or less artificial schedule. 



Dr. Montague said in abstract : The movement to dispense with the 

 concept of mind or consciousness and to substitute the concept of be- 

 havior as the sufficient object of psychological study was criticized (1) 

 on the ground of ambiguity and (2) on the ground of inadequacy. 



1. Behavior, as the movement of an organism in response to stimulus, 

 is ambiguous in that it may mean (a) the intra-neural current from 

 sensory center to muscle, or (b) the extra-neural motion of the organism 

 or its members. Behavior in the first sense might conceivably be the 

 basis of and hence a substitute for consciousness, but it would be visible 

 to the external observer and therefore relatively useless as an object of 

 psychological study. Behavior in the second sense is visible to the 

 observer, and so a useful index of consciousness; but being extra-neural, 

 it could not possibly be the correlate or basis of the organism's own ex- 

 perience. The motor theory of consciousness derives much of its plausi- 

 bility from an unconscious shifting from one of these meanings of be- 

 havior to another. 



2. But behavior in either or both of these senses is inadequate as a 

 substitute for or even as a correlate of consciousness, (a) because, unless 



