234 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



members of an allied society they shall be Associate Members with the 

 rights and privileges of other Associate Members, except the receipt of 

 its publications. Each allied society shall have the right to delegate one 

 of its members, who is also an Active Member of the Academy, to the 

 Council of the Academy, and such delegate shall have all the rights and 

 privileges of other Councilors. 



Article VII. The President and Vice-Presidents shall not be eligible 

 to more than one re-election until three years after retiring from office; 

 the Secretaries and Treasurer shall be eligible to re-election without 

 limitation. The President, Vice-Presidents and Secretaries shall be Fel- 

 lows. The terms of office of elected Councilors shall be three years,' and 

 these officers shall be so grouped that two, at least one of whom shall be a 

 Fellow, shall be elected and two retired each year. Councilors shall not 

 be eligible to re-election until after the expiration of one year. 



Article VIII. The election of officers shall be by ballot, and the can- 

 didates having the greatest number of votes shall be declared duly elected. 



Article IX. Ten members, the majority of whom shall be Fellows, 

 shall form a quorum at any meeting of the Academy at which business is 

 transacted. 



Article X. The Academy shall establish by-laws, and may amend 

 them from time to time as therein provided. 



Article XL This Constitution may be amended by a vote of not less 

 than three-fourths of the fellows and three-fourths of the active members 

 present and voting at a regular business meeting of the Academy, pro- 

 vided that such amendment shall be publicly submitted in writing at the 

 preceding business meeting, and provided also that the Eecording Secre- 

 tary shall send a notice of the proposed amendment at least ten days 

 before the meeting, at which a vote shall be taken, to each Fellow and 

 Active Member entitled to vote. 



BY-LAWS 



As Adopted, October 6, 1902, and Amended at Subsequent Times 



Chapter I 

 OFFICERS 



1. President. It shall be the duty of the President to preside at the 

 business and special meetings of the Academy ; he shall exercise the cus- 

 tomary duties of a presiding officer. 



2. Vice-Presidents. In the absence of the President, the senior Vice- 

 President, in order of Fellowship, shall act as the presiding officer. 



