178 RECORDS. 



three physical types, and these types are identical with those 

 widely represented in all directions outside of this region ; and 

 (2) a very large majority of the present peoples examined are 

 physically identical with the prehistoric inhabitants of these same 

 districts (so far as could be ascertained from the osteological 

 material recovered) ; the prehistoric remains (osteological) show 

 no type that is not represented somewhere in the region covered 

 to-day and there is no type among the living tribes not repre- 

 sented among the ancient ones. 



The visit of so large a number of tribes, as well as the search 

 for skeletal remnants of the extinct peoples, afforded a very good 

 opportunity for general ethnological and archeological observa- 

 tions, the substance of which can be stated as follows : The Mexi- 

 can Indians visited, with the exception of the Huichols and 

 Tarahumares, are in their mode of life and habits far more like 

 the whites about them than is the case with our Indians of the 

 southwest ; nevertheless, the Mexican tribes preserve much that 

 would be of value to the ethnologist. Dr. Hrdlicka's explora- 

 tion in northern Jalisco and in Zacatecas resulted in the discovery 

 of the ruins of eleven good-sized pueblos or towns, the exca- 

 vations at one of which showed that its inhabitants had reached 

 a comparatively high grade of culture. The pueblo and cliff 

 ruins of our southwest may be compared to a head which con- 

 nects by a long narrow neck running through Cora Grande in 

 Arizona, Coras Grande in Mexico, Zape in Mexico and La 

 Quemada in Zacatecas, with a large body of ruins which begin 

 in southern Zacatecas and Jalisco and extend through all the 

 southern part of Mexico to Guatemala and Central America. 

 La Quemada was found to be above all a fort, in all probability 

 the most representative stone-built native fort in North America. 



In Zacatecas Dr. Hrdlicka discovered a colony of Tlascaltecs, 

 transplanted hither by the Spaniards in the seventeenth and 

 eighteenth centuries ; and further south he found two villages 

 still occupied by the remnants of the ancient Chichimecs of 

 Teul. South of Juchipilla, in Zacatecas, is located a perfect 

 cliff-dwelling, probable the most southern one in existence. 

 This particular ruin, known under the name of " Las Ventanas " 



