160 RECORDS. 



non-Jews ranges between 80 and 84, that of the Jews is about 

 the same. In Africa, among the long-headed Gentile popula- 

 tion, the Jews are also dolichocephalic. The same is observed 

 to be the case with stature. The Jews are taller in countries 

 where the general population is tall. The type of the Jew is 

 dark, but 12 per cent, of pure-blood types, having fair hair and 

 blue eyes, are to be found. The nose of the modern Jew is 

 not as frequently hooked as is generally supposed. Statistics 

 show that only 1 2 per cent, are of this variety. The only 

 characteristic which often betrays a Jew is the " Ghetto eye." 

 But such Jews who have lived outside of the pale of the Ghetto 

 for a (e\v generations do not present this phenomenon. Physi- 

 cally there are two types of Jews — one derived from Asia, 

 commonly called As/ikenasim, and constituting more than 90 

 per cent, of the modern Jewery. It has no relation at all with 

 the second type, of African origin, commonly referred to as 

 Sephardiui. These, constituting less than 10 per cent, of the 

 Jews, alone are more or less related to the ancient Semites, 

 although they have not everywhere preserved themselves as 

 pure as in Africa. Besides these there are to be discerned other 

 subtypes, in which Teutonic, Slavonic and Mongolian blood 

 appears most prominent. From the standpoint of physical an- 

 thropology, the view that all the modern Jews are descendants 

 of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, cannot be seriously considered. 

 The only thing which binds the modern Jews together is their 

 religion. In blood there is no more relation between the Jews 

 than there is between the people who profess the Protestant,. 

 Methodist or Unitarian religion. 



Mr. St. Clair's paper was as follows : The investigations 

 were made during the summer of 1902 upon the Comanches 

 on the Kiowa-Comanche Reservation, Oklahoma, and the Utes 

 of the Uintah Reservation, Utah. Both tribes belong to the 

 great Shoshonean family. These tribes have a very loose social 

 organization and no elaborate religious ceremonial. There are 

 no calendar-records nor any traces of heraldry among the 

 Comanches. The designs painted on rawhide bags or woven 

 in beads have no meaning as with the Shoshones, but are 



