THE AMERICAN BOTANIST 133 



Picea mariana. Black Spruce. Spruce beer made from 

 the twigs. Wood used in violins and other musical instru- 

 ments. 



Picea abics. Norway Spruce. Resin is the source of 

 Bergundy pitch. 



Abies balsamea. Balsam. Resin is the familiar Canada 

 balsam. 



Larix Americana. American Larch. The larches 

 yield Venice turpentine. 



Juniperus Virginiana. Red Cedar. Berries used to 

 flavor gin. Wood used in pencils and for making moth-proof 

 chests. 



TYPHACEAE. 



Typha latifolia. Cat-tail. Bread may be made from 

 the abundant pollen of this species and T. angustifolia. Down 

 of the fruits used for stuffing cushions. Leaves once used for 

 bottoming chairs. 



ALISMACEAE. 

 Sagittaria latifolia. Arrow-head. Produces edible tu- 

 bers, often as large as the fist. Called "duck potato." An 

 excellent food plant for swamps and marshes where other food 

 plants will not grow. 



Sagittaria graminea. Arrow-head. This species, 5. 

 heterophylla, and probably others produce edible tubers worth 

 cultivating. 



Alisma plantago. Water Plantain. According to Louns- 

 berry (Guide to the Wildrlowers) "the conn-like tubers are 

 eaten by the Kalmucks." 



GRAMINEAE. 



Zizania aquatica. Wild Rice. Seeds (fruits) used like 

 the common rice. A promising crop for shallow waters in the 

 Northern States. 



Glycerin iiuitans. Manna Grass. Seeds whitish, edible. 



