THE AMERICAN BOTANIST 137 



Betula lenta. Black Birch. Bark yields an aromatic oil 

 which is identical with that distilled from wintergreen. Sap 

 sweet. 



Betula lutca. Yellow Birch. Yields much sweetish sap 

 in spring. Bark shaggy, containing sufficient oil to make it 

 good kindling on a rainy day. 



Betula alba. Paper Birch. This species and its varieties 

 well known for their papery bark used for numerous fancy 

 articles. Wood used for shoe-pegs, spools, button molds, and 

 various other things. 



Alnus incana. Alder. The catkins of this and other 

 species yield a brownish dye. 



FAGACEAE. 



Fagus grandifolia. Beech. The small though sweet nuts 

 edible. 



Castauca dentata. American Chestnut. A highly 

 valued nut. 



Castauca pumila. Chinquapin. A small nut similar to 

 the chestnut found in most of the Southern States. 



Qua cits Tclutiua. Black Oak. Bark yields a yellowish 

 dye and much tannin. 



Oucrcus sp? Oak. The fruits of several species of oak 

 may be used for food and the bark of the trees are used for 

 tanning. 



URTICACEAE. 



Uluius fulva. Slippery Elm. Inner bark yields abun- 

 dant mucilage. 



Ccltis occidcntalis. Hack-berry. Fruit covered with a 

 thin sweet and edible rind. 



Hamulus lupulus. Hop. Young shoots may be cooked 

 and eaten like asparagus. 



Madura pomifera. Osage Orange. Wood hard and 

 elastic. Once used by the Indians in making bows. Heart 



