REPORT OF STATE HORTICULTURIST. 55 



pickings. They harvest all of their fruit by using what they 

 call harvesting pans and paddles. They hold the pan in the 

 left hand and beat the busRes with the paddle or racquet, so 

 that the fruit will fall into the pan. In this way you can gather 

 the fruit very rapidly and at small cost. I don't want to 

 dwell at length upon this subject, for this is primarily an apple 

 growers' meeting, and it seems more in line with the meeting 

 to give the greater part of the time to the apple. 



Why should we consider by-products? Simply because we 

 must increase the consumption of apples. We have been talk- 

 ing for a long time about how to do this. The first and most 

 important step is to improve the quality of the fruit. We 

 can do this only by putting the high grade fruit before the 

 public. We must in some way dispose of our poor grade of 

 fruit. Aside from that reason, remember that it is very feasi- 

 ble and a very profitable business to use our culls and even our 

 seconds for by-products. This would mean nothing but No. 

 I and fancy fruit on the market. If we could afford that 

 method next year, it would mean a decided increase in the 

 profit to the apple producers of this state. A great portion of 

 this world is not available for a fruit producer as a market. 

 There are sections where it is not profitable to ship the raw 

 apples, because of the excessive freight charges. However, 

 the by-products, with the water really strained from them, may 

 be shipped and sold at a profit. 



I have a list of by-products which I plan to take up in the 

 order I name them : Apple jelly, apple marmalade, apple but- 

 ter, canned apples, evaporated apples, cider vinegar, sweet 

 cider and apple syrup for table use as manufactured by the 

 new patent process perfected by the United States Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture. Perhaps it would be well to group the 

 first three products together, for they are not so important. 



We all know more or less of the manufacture of apple jelly. 

 Apple butter is a product which is coming more and more 

 before the public, as is also apple marmalade. These are made 

 by adding sweet cider, vinegar and various spices to well 

 cooked apples, then they are placed in sealed containers and 

 put on the market. I will return to the matter of prices 

 before I close my remarks. 



