STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 43 



damage in an orchard as the eye spotted bud-moth, so is worth 

 considerable when applying a dormant spray. 



In closing, I want to congratulate you on the formation of 

 your Fruit Exchange. If your experience with it is anything 

 like our experience with our United Fruit Companies in Nova 

 Scotia you will never regret having formed it. All of my 

 produce is marketed and most of the supplies for my farm and 

 house are purchased through the United Fruit Companies, and 

 I find I can make a saving both ways and at the same time sup- 

 port our own organization which is working hard to improve 

 the quality of the fruit and the pack from Nova Scotia, and is 

 also reaching out to widen and increase the markets for our 

 produce. I give you my best wishes for the success of your 

 fruit exchange, which, properly managed, must mean a better 

 living for every fruit grower in the state. 



Question: What is it that causes fruit to fall that is set? 



Mr. Sanders: It may be any one of a hundred different 

 things. I do not think any one insect is responsible. It is a 

 question of pollination. The June drop of fruit consists for 

 the most part of apples that have one or two cells pollinated — 

 not invariably, but usually the early drop, the size of a walnut, 

 has only one or two cells pollinated. Later on you find more 

 apples with three cells pollinated dropping to the ground, but 

 most of that summer drop is due to imperfect fertilization. 

 Your No. I apples should have at least four cells fertilized, 

 with seeds in them, and, as a rule, they will have five cells; 

 your second grade, four and three. Your No. 3, your smaller 

 grade, I do not know just how you grade here — perhaps 

 some with two or three cells with seeds in, sometimes of course 

 with four, even five. There may be some external injury or 

 overloading of the tree, but the size of the fruit depends to a 

 great extent on the amount of pollination that has taken place 

 in the spring; and the dropping in the spring and summer of 

 fruit that has already set is due to perhaps only one or two 

 of the cells being pollinated and forming seeds. Of course, one 

 cell pollinated with seeds in it is not enough to hold the apple 

 on the tree all summer. That is the great reason for the early 

 drop of fruit and indicates, of course, the importance of bees 

 in the orchard. 



Question : That pink bud spray, what proportion of lime 

 sulphur do you use? 



