STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 4I 



spread of the insect is accomplished by the larvae crawling 

 from tree to tree. 



Now, gentlemen, I have talked insects long enough and still 

 I have not touched three of your most important insects, 

 namely : Apple maggot, aphis and plant bug. Our provincial 

 entomologist. Prof. Brittain, is working with these three insects 

 and is finding out a lot of new things about them. He has dem- 

 onstrated conclusively that you can control apple maggot by 

 spraying at the right time. He is doing fine work on aphis 

 and he has done the only work worth while, still unpublished, 

 on the "False Tarnished Plant Bug" which this year has cleaned 

 every last apple off hundreds of apple trees in Nova Scotia. 

 What some of our plant pathologists pronounced fire blight, 

 destroying apple blossoms, he has shown to be almost en- 

 tirely the work of the bug, in some cases carrying and assisted 

 by genuine fire blight. He has only this season devised effectual 

 means of control of this pest, so if you want the last word of 

 those three insects you will have to talk to Prof. Brittain. 



In regard to your spraying as practiced at present. Your 

 dormant spray will control San Jose, if you ever get it. Your 

 spray before the blossoms will control bud-moth, tent cater- 

 pillar, canker worm, some fruit worm and some codling moth. 

 Your spray after the blossoms will control codling motti, some 

 fruit worm and some bud-moth. 



The benefits that you get from control of codling moth, bud- 

 moth and fruit worm should pay for all of your sprays, two to 

 three times over; and the control of the other leaf eaters, which 

 are somewhat periodical, you get free and your insurance 

 against black spot you get free. 



In regard to nozzles, I believe it would be well worth your 

 while to try the Friend Drive nozzle for the sprays before the 

 blossoms, and the Friend Calyx nozzle for the sprays after the 

 blossoms. They both require a pressure of about 200 pounds 

 to work properly, but are the best I have ever seen for orchard 

 work. The Drive I have proved conclusively will control more 

 bud-moth than the ordinary nozzle and most of the few clean 

 apples in Nova Scotia this year were sprayed with the Calyx 

 nozzle after the blossoms, so it appears at least equal to the 

 others in spot control and will put spray on a tree faster and 

 better than anything I ever saw. Just to show you the impor- 

 tance of nozzles : One grower was using the misty or whirl- 



