296 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



species ranges over Alaska, British America and the United States, viz: 

 the circumpolar C. herculeanus, and of this the variety whymperi, which 

 is almost indistinguishable from the north European and Alpine type 

 and is said by Emery to be identical with the Siberian variety, is prac- 

 tically confined to Alaska, British America and to higher elevations in the 

 United States. The variety noveboracensis extends across the continent 

 through the northern states and Canada at low elevations ; the subspecies 

 pennsylvanicus occurs apparently only in the United States and Canada 

 east of the one hundredth meridian and at ordinary elevations, the 

 variety modoc only west of the same meridian at higher altitudes. The 

 varieties mahican and ferrugineus seem to be confined to the northeastern 

 and middle western states. Another species of wide range is the circum- 

 polar C. fallax, which is represented by at least 12 subspecies and varieties 

 in the United States and southernmost British America. All the remain- 

 ing species are decidedly local. The various subspecies and varieties of 

 the maculatus group are confined to the western and southern states, the 

 subspecies of maculatus occurring only west of the one hundredth merid- 

 ian, except in Texas, where one of the forms (sansaheanus) is found at 

 least as far east as Austin, and in Florida, where there is a subspecies 

 (tortuganus) of tropical origin. The southwestern states have a few 

 peculiar species of the maculatus group, in all probability of Mexican 

 provenience. These are C. fumidus, vafer and acutuostiis. A tropical 

 species of this group, C. socius, is known to occur only in southern 

 Florida, and two members of the maculatus group, which are peculiar to 

 Xorth America, viz : C. castaneus and its subspecies americamis, are con- 

 fined to the region east of the one hundredth meridian and south of 

 British America. In this region, americanus ranges farther north than 

 castaneus. A single very constant species of the herculeanus group, C. 

 Iccvigatus, is confined to rather high elevations in the Eocky Mts., Coast, 

 Cascade and Sierra Nevada Eanges. The fallax group is represented in 

 Arizona and Texas by a few large and handsome species, C. sayi, texanus 

 and schaejferi, and in California by a small and somewhat aberrant 

 species, C. hyatti, with the variety haheri. C. mina, subsp. zuni, C. hruesi 

 and ulcerosus are properly Mexican forms of rare and sporadic occurrence 

 in Texas and Arizona. Two tropical species, C. planatus and ahdominalis, 

 enter the United States at two widely separated points, from the West 

 Indies at the tip of Florida and from the "tierra caliente" of Mexico at 

 the mouth of the Eio Grande. C. planatus is the same in both these 

 regions, but ahdominalis is represented by a distinct subspecies (florid 

 danus) in Florida and a Mexican subspecies {transvectus) in Texas. 

 The species of the subgenus Colobopsis seem to be confined to the Gulf 



