WHEELER, NORTH AMERICAN ANTS 323 



bears a few erect hairs. Mandibles scarcely darker than the head; mesouotum 

 often streaked with brown. Wings colored like those of the female. 



The t}'pes of this species, which is easily recognized by the red color of 

 all the phases, came from the Carolinas and Pennsylvania. I have seen 

 no specimens from British America or from any portion of the Union 

 west of the one himdredth meridian. Mayr's citation of specimens of 

 this or the following subspecies from California, Colorado and New 

 Mexico is very questionable. The material before me represents the fol- 

 lowing localities : 



North Carolina: Belmont (Jerome Schmitt) ; Ealeigh (F. Sherman). 



Maryland: Chestertown (H. Viereck) ; Georgetown, D. C. (E. G. 

 Titus). 



Virginia: Ashland (J. F. McClendon), 



Florida: (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist). 



Louisiana: Mansfield (E. C. Howell). 



New Jersey: Caldwell (E. T. Cresson) ; Sea Isle City (H. Viereck) ; 

 Fort Lee (W. Beutenmueller and Wheeler) ; Great Notch (Wheeler). 



New York: West Farms (J. Angus). 



Connecticut: Westville (W. E. Britton). 



Massachusetts: Cambridge (Mus. Comp. ZooL). 



Indiana : Bass Lake, Hammond and IMount Vernon (W. S. Blatchley). 



Although thus widelv distributed through the eastern half of the 

 Union, C. castaneus seems nowhere to be common except, perhaps, in the 

 South Atlantic states. It forms moderately populous colonies, which nest 

 in the ground under stones in open woods, in the same manner as the 

 species of the maculatus group. The workers are very timid and probably 

 nocturnal. 



22. C. castaneus americanus Mayr 



C. americanus Maye. Verb. zool. hot. Ges. Wien, XII, p. 661, ^ 9 , 1862. 



C. castaneus Mayr; Ibid. XXXVI. p. 420, 1886; Dai.la Torre, Catalog. 

 Hymen.. YII, p. 223, 1893. 



C. castaneus subsp. americanus Emery. Zool. Jahrb. Abth. f. Syst. VII. p. 

 674, ^ 9 $. 1893; Wheeler, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXI, p. 402, 1905; 

 Oecas. Papers Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.. VII. 7. p. 22. 1906. 



This subspecies, as Mayr and Emery have observed, is highly variable in 

 color, and this is true of individuals of the same colony. The only features in 

 which it seems always to differ from the tj'pical castaneus are the deeper and 

 more elongate foveolre on the cheeks of the major workers and the coloration 

 of the head, which is black or dark brown in all four phases, with the mandi- 

 bles, clypeus and cheeks more or less brown or reddish. The thorax, gaster, 

 legs and antenn.-e of the worker major may be dirty or clay-yellow throughout, 

 but usually the dorsal surface of the thorax, especially of the mesonotum, and a 



