WHEELER, XORTH A2IERICAN AXTS 333 



typical C. herculeanus of boreal and alpine Europe, but I must admit 

 that the differences which, according to Forel, separate the two forms are 

 very slight, not to say elusive. These differences are merely a somewhat 

 coarser sculpture and slightly longer and more abundant, oblique or sub- 

 erect hairs on the antennal scapes and tibite in the American specimens. 

 After carefully comparing a couple of the cotypes of whymperi kindly 

 given me by Professor Forel with many specimens of C. herculeanus 

 collected by myself during two summers in the high Alps, I have some 

 doubts as to the validity of whijmperi as a true variety. Moreover, the 

 specimens I have examined from Xewfoimdland and Isle Eoyale, Michi- 

 gan, have the hairs on the scapes and tibiae neither longer nor more erect 

 than in European specimens and the differences in sculpture are to me 

 imperceptible. Forel states that the female of whymperi measures only 

 12-13.5 mm. and is therefore smaller than that of the typical herculeanus. 

 but I have before me a number of females from British America and the 

 Eocky Mts. which measure 15-16 mm. Emery states that the var. 

 whymperi occurs also in Siberia and Mongolia and has therefore included 

 it in the palearctic fauna. 



The list of localities given above shows that the true home of C. whym- 

 peri is British America, Alaska and high elevations in the Eocky Mts. 

 (8000 ft. and over) and ^Hiite Mts. (3000 ft. and over). When it strays 

 to lower levels, it is found only in cold tamarack bogs (in Wisconsin), 

 coniferous forests (in Maine. Michigan. Oregon and Washington) or in 

 the cold woods of the Alleghanies (in Pennsylvania). It is therefore 

 quite as clearly a boreal or alpine form in America as is the typical 

 herculeanus in Europe. Its habits, too, are the same. It forms large 

 colonies nesting in logs and stumps, especially of conifers, and may be 

 regarded as the prototv^De of our various North American "carpenter 

 ants." 



27. C. herculeanus L. var. modoc nom. nov. 



C. pennsplvanicns var. semipiinctatiis, Forel (nee Kirby), Bull. See. Nat, 

 XVI. p. 57. 1881 ; Ann. See. Ent. Belg., XLVIII. p. 152. 1904. 



Worker major and minor. 



Differing from whymperi in sculpture, pilosity and color. The shagreening 

 of the head is coarser, so that it is even more opaque, especially on the sides 

 and posterior corners. The punctures of the gaster are larger and the whole 

 surface rougher and more opaque. Hairs and pubescence golden yellow, the 

 former much as in xchymperi, except that they are shorter and more appressed 

 on the scapes and tibiae. The pubescence is much longer and more conspicuous, 

 especially on the upper surface of the gaster. but decidedly shorter than in 

 pennsylvaniciis. Head, thorax, petiole and gaster black ; legs deep red. Coxi^ 

 dark brown ; antennae varying from black to dark brown, the funiculus usually 



