434 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



Summary of Papers. 



Dr. Trowbridge first of all discussed the various theories which have 

 been given to explain this direction sense, especially in birds, and showed 

 how they were untenable from the standpoint of physics. Then he set 

 forth his own theory, which for want of a better name he called the pylex 

 triangulation theory, and explained its principles. 



Dr. Campbell, in his paper, took several examples of failures of rail- 

 road material from wrought iron to rail steel, and by means of the micro- 

 structure he demonstrated the cause of failure. First of all, the various 

 constituents met with were described, and the methods of distinguishing 

 them were explained. Then, by numerous lantern slides and specimens, 

 the structure of faulty material was contrasted with that of good. Lastly, 

 he explained why rails of older manufacture had apparently given better 

 service than some of modern make. 



The Section then adjourned. 



Edward J. Thatcher, 



Secretary. 



SECTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY. 



October 24, 1910. 



The Section met in conjunction with the American Ethnological So- 

 ciety, at 8:15 p. m., Gen. James Grant Wilson presiding. 



The minutes of the last meeting of the Section were read and approved. 

 The following programme was then offered : 



Robert H. Lowie, Ceremonial Organizations of the Crow Indians. 



Summary of Paper. 



Dr. Lowie said in abstract : The societies of the Crow at present com- 

 prise purely social clubs, without any religious features and without any 

 adoption ceremony; the Medicine Pipe organization, and the several To- 

 bacco societies, all of which are of a sacred character and can be entered 

 only upon formal adoption. The military societies of the Crow, which 

 are no longer in existence, rather resembled the social clubs, for religious 

 features were practically lacking. There was no adoption ceremony, no 

 sacred origin myths, and they were to a certain extent mutual benefit 

 associations like the clubs of to-day. 



E. S. WOODWORTH, 



Secretary. 



