22 THE AMERICAN BOTANIST 



second type of bud the horsechestnut is usually suggested, but 

 in many localities a better one may be found in the buckeye. 

 The glue-like covering of the horsechestnut's bud scales is of 

 interest as illustrating an additional device for protecting 

 from evaporation, but this same sticky substance prevents a. 

 proper dissection of the bud by beginners. In addition, the 

 young leaves in the bud are so heavily coated with hairs that 

 it is difficult to make out their parts. This cannot be said of 

 the buckeye. The leaves are downy it is true but not enough 

 so to obscure the parts and the bud-scales are quite devoid of 

 the varnish. 



Among the curious methods of bud protection, nearly 

 every text cites that of the sycamore or buttonwood in which 

 the bud is said to be protected by the petiole of the leaf. This, 

 however, cannot be said to be a protection to the bud in 

 winter inasmuch as the leaf falls in autumn. It simply pro- 

 tects the young bud until maturity. There are other plants, 

 however, easily obtainable in which the petiole really pro- 

 tects the bud through the wintei. The common red raspberry, 

 the flowering raspberry and the cat brier or smilax may be 

 mentioned as good types of this. In these, instead of the leaf 

 being cut off at the base, a cleavage plane develops at some dis- 

 tance above the bud and when the rest of the leaf falls the 

 petiole stub remains subtending the bud. 



It is not easy for the teacher to find suitable material to 

 illustrate the arrangement of ciccessory buds. The red maple 

 is often suggested for the type having the accessory buds be- 

 side the lateral or axillary buds but this tree is not always 

 to be found nor does it illustrate the phenomenon any too 

 well. The peach, the forsythia and some oaks are usually as 

 easy to obtain and show the arrangement even better than 

 does the maple. For that form of bud arrangement in which 

 the accessory buds are arranged above the lateral buds, the 

 pipe-vine and Pterocarya are often suggested. A good 

 many teachers are not familiar with these, but just as good 



