53 THE AMERICAN BOTANIST 



found in the animal kingdom and are due to a lack of pigment. 

 They may thus be expected to occur in any part of the plant 

 having colors other than green. White fonns of the partridge 

 berry {Mitchella re pens) have been frequently reported, pos- 

 sibly because they are so widely distributed. The fonn has been 

 known for thirty years or more but in Rhodora for February 

 C. H. Bissell gives the name of leucocarpa to it and describes 

 it as a "new form." Bissell's specimens are from Connecticut 

 but others are known from Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 

 New York and Pennsylvania. We would be glad to hear of 

 other stations. 



Freezing Point of Oranges. — It is generally known 

 that pure water will freeze at a higher temperature than water 

 with various substances in it, ahd plant juices have been found 

 to be no exception to this rule. Some experiments carried on 

 at Rollins College with oranges and grape fruit showed that 

 the juice of the ordinary orange needs be cooled down to 

 about 22 degrees before it will freeze while the freezing point 

 for both the grape fruit and tangerine is below 23 degrees. 

 In these experiments the juice was extracted from the fruits 

 anid' strained before freezing. It is well to remember, how- 

 ever, that it is not always the freezing that kills plants, for 

 the protoplasm of many plants can endure temperatures 

 many degrees below zero unharmed. On the other hand 

 some plants cannot stand a temperature several degrees 

 above freezing. It all depends upon the constitution of the 

 particular species. 



The Southern Wahoo. — Our southern variety of 

 strawberry bush {Euonymus Americamts) known by us as 

 Wahoo, seems to be of much more slender growth than the 

 northern burning bush. Its habit of growing on stream banks 

 makes it reach up often 4 to 6 feet high and so slim as to look 

 vine-like, its green color adding to the similarity. Not only are 



