THE AMERICAN BOTANIST. 45 



amples of this class are familiar to all. A plur-annual may 

 be defined as a plant that ordinarily lives more than one 

 season, but which, owing to being transplanted to a region in 

 which it cannot live for part of the year becomes to all intents 

 and purposes an annual. The tomato, castor-bean, red pepper, 

 cotton and many other garden plants are plur-annuals. 



Materials for Smoking. — Those who must smoke are 

 not, and apparently never have been, restricted to tobacco. 

 Tobacco is still the principal substance used for smoking and 

 following it comes opium and hashish, the first made, as most 

 are aware from the juice of the poppy and the second from the 

 gum of the hemp. We might call these three the recognized 

 substances for smoking, but many others exist. Many are 

 known to the small boy, such as the pods of the catalpa, mul- 

 lein leaves, bamboo, cornsilk and cabbage leaves, the latter re- 

 puted to be indulged in unintentionally by children of larger 

 growth, when mixed with, their prized Havanas. Possibly 

 it is because the American Indian is more childlike in some 

 things than his white brother, that he mixed a variety of other 

 things with his smoking tobacco. Among these may be men- 

 tioned the bark of wahoo {Eiionyrmis), red osier (Conius 

 stolonifera) , sumac. {Rhus trilohata and R. glabra), silky 

 cornel (Conius sericea), arrow-wood {Viburnum), black wil- 

 low {Salix nigra), mountain laurel {Kalmia) and ironwood 

 {Carpinus). The leaves and bark of the squaw huckleberry 

 {Vacciuium stamineum) was also occasionally used. Several 

 of these things were commonly used under the name of Kin- 

 nikinick and this name has persisted to the present as one of 

 the names of silky cornel. 



