12 THE AMERICAN BOTANIST. 



rants were used, but tlie witch-hazel was nearly exempt. The 

 buttonwood was used slightly. 



This brings us to the rose famil};, where the greatest 

 damage, outside of the maple was done. To begin with, 

 the ninebark and the spireas, native and planted were exempt 

 from taxation, as was the shrubby cinquefoil. But the roses, 

 except possibly R. luunilis, which was too small, and R. scti- 

 gera, too spiny; the blackberries; the raspberries, red, black, 

 and purple; the apple, cherry, peach, pear, and plum; wild, 

 cultivated, native, European. Siberian, or Japanese; choke- 

 cherries, shad-bushes; and thorns were literally cut to pieces! 

 The thornapple, in fact, was the test plant used in case of doubt. 

 It is not possible to stand anywhere in the Forest where there 

 is not a thorn bush or tree in sight, \\nien a tree was found 

 that had not been used, it was necessary only to look at the 

 nearest thorn bush to be assured that the location was liberally 

 supplied with cicadas. And the one-hundred-fifty odd new 

 species from Dr. Sargent were used as freely at the native 

 mollis, which is almost a weed. The Judas tree, honey locust, 

 and yellow wood fared as badly, while the Kentucky coffee 

 tree was used only in the nurser}^, a tree eighteen inches in 

 diameter showing no damage. Ainorpha fruticosa and the 

 black and hispid locusts seemed to be exempt, but the clammy 

 locust was freely used, as were also the prickly ash and hop 

 tree. 



From the burning bush to the buckeye, including the 

 bittersweet, the bladdernut, and all the maples, the cicadas 

 buzzed and sawed to their hearts content; until after a few 

 weeks, the fine green forest canopy turned into a brown and 

 sere mass of broken, hanging twigs, with just enough green 

 to give emphasis to the brown. The buckthorns, the New 

 Jersey tea, the grapes and the Virginia creeper seemed to be 

 untouched, but the basswood and shrubby St. John's wort 

 again cut the list short as the cicadas cut them. The leather 

 wood seemed to be untouched and Aralia spinosa hardly 



