THE AMERICAN BOTANIST. 99 



the shelving kind (fig. 2), Then those will be found that 

 seem to partake of both characteristics, gills and pores called 

 daedaloid, meaning ornamental, the most common one grow- 

 ing on oak stumps and logs, having gill-like channels, the walls 

 of which are connected by partitions at irregular intervals 

 or so closely together that the surface resembles the first 

 class in being porous. 



The next class to be observ^ed with ordinary frequency 

 are those fungi whose spore bearing surface is smooth. \\'here 

 pores or gills appeared in the former named classes the under 

 surface is unbroken by channel or tube. The Stereums (mean- 

 ing smooth) are mostly of the bracket type and closely re- 

 senible on the upper surface some of the common porous va- 

 rieties. 



The fourth great class of fungi to be mentioned here are 

 those whose spore bearing surface is covered with spines or 

 teeth. The Hydnums (meaning spine bearing) may be found 

 in nearly every shape, central stemmed (fig. 6) side stemmed 

 (fig. 9) shelving (fig. 3) or in irregular masses. 



After noting tb.e above mentioned four types of spore 

 bearing surface, the beginner can give attention to the ap- 

 pearance of the upper surface of the various forms of fungi. 

 They may be smooth and papery, or minutely hairy or with 

 a coarse, v/ooly covering, or again with fibrous scales. In 

 color the dull browns, perhaps, predominate, but fungi may 

 be found with almost any color — red, purple, yellow, green, 

 white, or black. These colors may be evenly distributed over 

 the surface or displayed in concentric or radial bands. 



In texture, fungi may vary from the very hard woody ones, 

 through various grades of tough leathery forms, to the fleshy 

 and spongy varieties, even to jelly-like masses. 



Fungi with stems may be easily separated into several 

 classes by noting a few very plain features. In some the gills 

 run part way down the stem, in others they may be notched 



