THE AMERICAN BOTANIST 117 



Avere first used to fence in the haw. When haw is spelled 

 haugh, however, it means a low-lying plain beside a river and 

 haw-haw is the name given to a sunken fence, wall or 

 ditch. In this last we see the name transferred from the ground 

 surrounded by a wall to the wall itself and haggard which is 

 allied to haw originally meant of the hedge or woods. Hedge 

 and haw are in a sense synonymous, though there are some 

 who would derive hedge from edge by the prefix of an h in 

 the style of some of our English cousins, and point to the 

 fact that we still speak of edgings for borders as a confirmation 

 of their view of the matter. 



Name of Carolina Poplar. — Considerable difference of 

 opinion exists, as to whether or not the Carolina poplar is a 

 distinct species. Prof. C. E. Bessey has been investigating the 

 subject and his results are summed up in a reprint from the 

 Report of the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture for 1906-7. 

 The first use of the name, Carolina poplar, was made by Alton 

 in 1789 in connection with Popiilus angulafa. This name has 

 been used at intervals since by numerous authorities. Bailey's 

 "Cyclopedia of Horticulture" calls the tree var. Caroliniensis 

 of Popuhis deltoides. The specific name, delfoidcs. it may be 

 remarked, is applied to the species better known as Populus 

 monilifera. Prof. Bessey concludes that there are three com- 

 mon cottonwoods in the Eastern and Central States to be 

 named as follows: Carolina poplar {P. angulata). Eastern 

 poplar (P. deltoides), Western poplar (P. occidenfalis). In 

 connection with these we may mention the two native aspens, 

 the large toothed (P. grandidentata) and the common (P. 

 tremidoides) and the three poplars from the Old World com- 

 monly cultivated, namely, the white poplar (P. alha) the Nor- 

 way poplar (P. nigra) and the Lombardy poplar (P. dilatata). 

 To make our list complete several others might be added. 



