28 THE AMERICAN BOTANIST 



In such soils, plants make little or no growth, because their 

 roots have difficulty in pushing through the compact mass. 

 As our amateur gardeners use the word, puddling means to 

 pour water on the soil until it forms a puddle. This is all 

 nonsense; at least Noah Webster never heard of it, if we can 

 believe his justly celebrated dictionary. 



AivGAE Migration. — Land plants, as everybody knows, 

 have been distributed in a variety of ways. In addition to the 

 more obvious agents, such as the wind, birds, mammals and 

 sling fruits, must be mentioned such purely fortuitous aids as 

 railways and other trade routes, ship's ballast and, in the case 

 of bacteria, the implements of the farmer and the feet of his 

 domestic animals. Currents of water are usually considered 

 sufficient to account for the distribution of algae, but some of 

 these latter plants have been found in locations where it 

 seems impossible for such currents to have carried them. In 

 the Japanese Botanical Magazine, K. Yendo, points out that 

 certain Japanese algae are now known to occur in the North 

 Sea and others off the coast of England and France, while 

 the Japanese alga flora contains several species whose home 

 is in India, Australia or Europe. These species do not appear 

 to have l:)een di.scovered in Jai)an until after ships from the 

 countries mentioned, began to fre([uent Japanese waters and 

 the conclusion is that the plants have been carried to their new 

 locations attached to the bottoms of ships. 



The Loganberry. — There has always been some ques- 

 tion as U) the origin of the loganljerry. It is reputed to have 

 sprung up, fully developed, in the garden of a Judge Logan 

 on the Pacific Coast and has always been regarded as a hybrid 

 between the Western trailing blackberry and the red raspberry. 

 According a recent Farmers' J^nilletin, issued by the LTnited 

 States Government, the loganberry is now regarded as a sport 

 from the blackberry without any admixture of the raspberry. 



