THE AMERICAN BOTANIST 93 



in which the drupelets forming the fruit come away together 

 from the receptacle when ripe are commonly called "raspber- 

 ries" or "thimble-berries" while those which do not are "black- 

 berries." Of the latter, those which trail on the ground are 

 usually called "dew-berries." The species in general are 

 known as "brambles." 



The typical red raspberry is R. strigosus and the black 

 raspberry is R. occidentalis. Several of the species are known 

 as "mulberries" especially R. trifloriis, R. strigosus, and R. 

 odoratus, though why the name of a typical tree fruit should 

 be thus misapplied is a mystery. It is true that the fruit of 

 the blackberry has considerable resemblance to that of the 

 mulberry, but it is to the raspberries and not to the blackber- 

 ries that the name is applied. Rubiis odoratus is known as 

 the "flowering raspberry" for the reason that it has more 

 showy blossoms than the other species. The white flowered 

 R. parviflorus, notwithstanding the specific name is still suffi- 

 ciently conspicuous to be called the "white-flowered raspberry." 

 The common name of "salmon berry" is said to be derived 

 from the color of the fruit. A Western species with red 

 flowers is said to bear the name of "salmon berry," also. 

 Riihns chamaemorus is the "cloud-berry," said to be so named 

 from its habit of growing in cold and elevated regions. It is 

 also known as "mountain bramble" and "mountain raspberry." 

 "Baked apple berry" refers to its taste but where it got the 

 name of "knot" or "knout-berry" is difficult to say. The 

 specific name, meaning "low mulberry," may possibly be the 

 excuse for calling some of the species mulberries. 



The typical blackberry is Rubiis Allegheniensis more com- 

 monly known as R. villosus. From its erect habit it is often 

 known as "high-bush blackberry." The dewberry is now 

 known as R. villosus though it is more familiar as R. Cana- 

 densis. The common name refers to the fact that the plant 



