IHE AMERICAN BOTANIST 73 



"haw," "hawthorn," and "thorn-apple." Mr. Cooper says 

 that thorn-apple is the name here, (New York), but that 

 "haw" was used in southern Iowa, where he resided for a 

 time. My own home is in Worcester, central Massachusetts. 

 There, "thorn apple" is the only term in common use, I am 

 positive. I might add that while, as a child in Worcester, I 

 played with children of English families, and have since known 

 English grown-ups, I cannot recollect hearing any of them 

 use "hawthorn" except for the cultivated shrubs, just as the 

 rest of us do. — Arthur C. Nutt. [This appears to strengthen 

 the theory that in the Eastern States "thorn-apple" has the 

 preference as the common name of Crataegus, but that in the 

 Middle West this is shortened to "haw." Further observa- 

 tions are requested. — Ed.] 



CauuFlory in Rkd-bl'd.— It is rare, in northern regions, 

 to find woody plants producing flowers from the old wood. 

 Soon after the twigs are formed they are covered with a layer 

 of protecting bark which ordinarily buries the underlying tis- 

 sues so deep that flowering from them is out of the question, 

 In tropical regions, however, especially in the rain forest, the 

 trees do not need such thick bark and the production of flowers 

 from the trunk and larger branches, or cauliflory, as it is 

 called, is a common occurrence. The chocolate plant (Theo- 

 hronia cacao) produces most of its flowers in' this way. The 

 only plant in northern regions with this habit sems to be the 

 redbud {Cercis canadensis) which rivals the wild crab and 

 dogwood in l)eauty during the blooming season. Immense 

 numbers of pink pea-shaped flowers are borne on the twigs 

 and branches, in some cases on branches at least six years old. 

 All our other shrubs either produce flowers -from the wood, of 

 the preceding year or from twigs that are not formed until 

 after the growing season begins. 



