136 



UNDERDRAINIXG AND DEEP TILLAGE, 



The " pipe " or round tile is the best, horse shoe the worst, as it 

 is more liaWe to break and to become obstructed. Sole tile is no 57 

 in common use and is a good style. Pipe tile, with collars to fit on 

 the joints, is the perfection of tiles, butcollars have not yet been made 

 to any extent here, and the round or sole tile, if well laid, will 

 rarely get out of order. 



F/-. 1. 



Fisr. 2. 



Fig. 3. 



■■m^S^?jTim^mi 



m^^m 



^^s 



^-^i 



^^m 



Fig. 4. 



Fig. 1. Cylinder or pipe tile. 

 " 2. Sections of pipe with collar. 

 " 3. Horse shoe tile. 

 " 4. Sole tile. 

 'iParticular care should be taken in laying them that all are on a 

 'level, or nither, that tliey have the proper slope, and one no 

 more than another; and that the joints are covered with shavings 

 or some material to keep out dirt. Birch bark is better than any- 

 thing ^Ise for the purpose. 



Planks, boards or even brush (bushes) may be used where nei- 

 ther stones nor tile can be procured ; if brush be employed it should 

 be covered with boards or slabs, and the earth next it be trodden 

 firmly before filling in. 



The direction of drains, whether in the line of steepest descent or 

 laterally, bus been much argued, but no doubt now exists that the 



