IQ2 ' PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 



May till October. The ^voriu infests the leaves of cabbage, lettuce, 

 etc., eating round holes through them, but seldom attacks the 

 heart of the plant. It is very quick, wriggling away backward ren- 

 dering it difficult to destroy it. It spins a cocoon and fastens to the 

 under side of the eaten leaf, from which it comes forth a moth again 

 to lay its eggs, produce larva, and so on through its changes. 

 Poultry are useful in destroying the worm. Watering the plants 

 will drive them away for a time. But probably its greatest enemy 

 is a small parasite or ichneumon fly, which deposits its eggs in the 

 body of the worm where they hatch and feed upon its substance till 

 the worm dies, when it changes into a pupa in the ^dead body and 

 undergoes the natural transformations. 



COLEOPTERA. 



Apple tree borer, {Sapo'da hivittata.) The beetle varies from 

 a half to three-quarters of an inch in length. Its back is striped, 

 and under side of body and antenna3 and legs are white. The larva, 

 or borer, or what causes the damage, is a white fleshy grub with 

 legs. The beetle, or perfect insect, lays its eggs by night at tiie 

 base of the tree, in June and July. From the egg, a maggot soon 

 hatches, which eats its way into the soft bark of the tree. Increasing 

 in size, it reaches the sap wood, where it remains until about half 

 grown, when it enters the heart wood, gnawing upward to the heart 

 of the tree. This is the second year or summer of its existence, and 

 it remains dormant through the winter, changes to a pupa in the 

 spring, and comes forth from the tree a perfect insect in June. As 

 this insect is so well known, a further description is not needed. 

 Every farmer has had occasion to witness its ravages. Although 

 one of the most destructive insects, yet its ravages can be most easily 

 checked. A thorough inspection of apple trees, spring and autumn, 

 will generally prevent much destruction from them. The wood 

 peckers are the best assistants in destroying them, aud they should 

 never be molested while in an orchard. 



The wheat weevil, {Calandra gi-anaria.^ The beetle is about 

 the size of a flea, of a chesnut color. It bores into grain with its 

 snout and deposits an egg which hatches a grub that cats all the 

 substance of the kernel of grain, passes into a pupa and then to the 

 beetle. It commits great havoc in granaries, and the only sure 



