New York Weather Bureau. 



433 



uted to the influence of Lake Erie, owing to the greater distance 

 of Bulfalo from the ocean. The retarding influence of the lake 

 will exceed the average value in the spring and autumn and will 

 fall below it after the formation of ice in winter. 



Lake Ontario exerts its principal thermal effect in (tempering 

 the cold waves of winter, which usually approach the State from 

 the northwest. A single example will serve to illustrate this. 

 On Japuary 19, 1892, an aniticyclonic area passed eastward over 

 Canada, giving northerly winds and very oold weather over the 

 northeaistern States. The following temperatures were obtained 

 on the northern and southern shores of the lake, respectively: 



The winds were northerly throughout the observations. 



Here the Ijfke appears to have maintained the temperature at 

 Kiochester from 14 to 28 degrees above the point to which it 

 would otherwise have fallen; and thus the very moderate annual 

 minima shown by tables 9 and 10 are explained. The frequent 

 oecurrence of conditions similar to the above give to (the south 

 shore of Lake Ontario an average mid-winter temperature 5 de- 

 grees higher than that of the north shore. 



The effect of the Great Lakes, although appreciable in nearly 

 all of ithe western and central New York, is most prominent over 

 the land surfaces which slope toward them. Thus at Arcade, 

 thirty miles from Lake Erie and nine hundred feet above its 

 level, the temperature of May is reduced and that of October is 

 raised about 1 degree, as compared with the values at Alfred 

 Centre and Angelica, a few miles distant to the southwest of 



* Kingston is near the head of the St. Lawrence river and at a greater distance from the 

 lake than Toronto. 



28 



