The Planting of Shrubbery. 525 



troduced into this country, — the Japanese actinidia and akebia. 

 These vines are most vigorous, perfectly hardy, free of insect 

 and fungous injuries and of extraordinary attractiveness in foli- 

 age and habit. The picture also shows the yucca group which 

 is located at H in Fig. 165. The cabin is shown at rear view 

 in Fig. 167; and the reader will be interested to know that the 

 planting in the rear of this cabin is a part of the shrubbery shown 

 in Fig. 162. 



These various pictures will fix in the reader's mind the impor- 

 tance of a simple structural design for the home grounds. The 

 essential elements of this design are the' open center and the well- 

 planted sides. It is particularly important that the view to and 

 from the front of the dwelling house be kept open, for otherwise 

 there can be little conception of pictorial effect in the composi- 

 tion. It is a grave mistake to cover up or to obscure the one cen- 

 tral and important feature of the place. This principle is well 

 shown in Fig. 168. This architectural composition would have 

 little place or merit in the landscape if the foreground were pro- 

 miscuously planted. 



Let us now see how this principle may be applied to a very 

 ordinary area. Fig. 169 shows a small clay field (75 ft. wide and 

 300 ft. deep), with a barn at the rear. In front of the barn is a 

 screen of willows. The observer is looking from the dwelling 

 house. The area has been plowed and seeded for a lawn. The 

 operator has then marked out a devious line upon either border 

 with a hoe handle, and all the space between these borders has 

 been gone over with a garden roller to mark the area of the de- 

 sired greensward. The borders are now planted with a variety 

 of small trees, bushes and herbs. Five years later the photo- 

 graph shown in Fig. 170 was taken. 



The reader may now begin to appreciate the value of foliage 

 masses in the landscape, and the comparatively trivial and weak 

 effects of mere flower-beds in any rural picture. Let me illus- 

 trate again the uses of mass-effects by photographs taken in one 

 of our most famous metropolitan parks. Fig. 171 is one of that 

 common type of water pieces in our city parks, in which the arti- 

 ficial and ugly borders are wholly bare. It is difiQcult to con- 



