564 Agricultural Gazette of N.S.W. [Aug. 2, 1920. 



were very badly planned in the first instance for the purpose for which they 

 were intended, and in the first case, neglect had accentuated these bad 

 features until the whole premises had become nothing ehe than a means for 

 distributing harmful organisms, thereby enormously re-infecting at every 

 stage of manufacture either the cream or butter. 



The moral it has been our endeavour to point is the need of the utmost 

 watchfulness and care on the part of those controlling these factories in order 

 to guard against re-infection, and the nullification of all the labour and 

 expense involved in killing the dormant or undeveloped contamination which 

 is to be found to a greater or less extent in every can of cream or milk as it 

 is delivered from the farm to the factory. The dangers arising from the use 

 of bad starters were shown in Example 2, and the need of a pure water 

 supply in Example 3. We have also striven to drive home the need of 

 having properly constructed premises for carrying out the manufacture of an 

 article so susceptible to outside and surrounding influences as milk and its 

 products. 



It has been thought that it would be advisable to end this present series 

 of articles with a description of the most modern and best constructed and 

 planned butter factory in New South Wales. 



This factory was only opened for use some fifteen months before we made 

 our examination. It was planned to admit the maximum of light, to provide 

 thorough ventilation, and to eliminate, as far as possible, all overhead floors, 

 beams, pipes, &c., which act as collectors and distributors of dust and germs. 

 Much attention was given to the matter of drainage and keeping the inside 

 of the premises clean. The walls in the manufacturing rooms were lined with 

 white opalite tiles, and all woodivork was covered with white enamel paint 

 brought to a high finish. Beside having windows round the walls, light was 

 freely admitted into each room through the roof by means of reinforced 

 corrugated opaque glass sheets ; the ceiling, which was also painted with 

 white enamel, followed the contour of the roof, openings being made to 

 correspond with the glass parts, and along the ridges of the roofs ventilators 

 were installed. 



A good idea of the whole structure, both inside and outside, can be gathered 

 from the accompanying illustrations. In planning this factory the saving of 

 labour was always kept in view. The total cost came to over £10,000, but 

 the interest on this outlay has been more than met by the saving in labour 

 and the improvement in qualit}' that took place immediately the new premises 

 were occupied. Previous to this it took thirteen men to cope with the work ; 

 now — with an increased output- nine are suflicient, with an individual 

 minimum wage of £3 17s. 6lI. per week. Further, the cha^ige from the 

 old delapidated factory brougtit about a simultaneous improvement 

 in the quality of the butter turned out — an improvement worth about 3s. per 

 cwt. based on the condition of sales made under the imperial contract It 

 will be seen that the action of the directors in erecting this modern factory 

 has been fully justified, and it has proved a most profitable undertaking to 

 those engaged in dairying in that district. The factory is ideally situated 



