2 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 10 



nidea, Laidea, and Larandidea; and the last included only Staurocephalus. 

 This plan now has only historical interest, since it disregarded important 

 natural affinities. 



Gravier (1900) elaborated the systems still further, using as a basic 

 character the presence or absence of dorsal and ventral cirri and branchial 

 structures ; but, since this places the Eunicidae and Dorvilleidae at once in 

 the same group, it is also an unnatural plan. Still later Treadwell ( 1921 ) 

 considered all members in the family Leodicidae, recognizing only 3 sub- 

 families, the Leodicinae, Lumbrinereinae, and Stauronereinae; but, since 

 only 7 genera of a total of about 34 in these families are considered, the 

 scheme is not extensive enough to be basic. 



Kinberg (1865, p. 560) recognized and erected 10 families, based on 

 characters of the proboscidial armature. These included the ( 1 ) Onuphi- 

 acea, (2) Eunicea, (3) Lycidicea [sic], (4) Ninoidea, (5) Lumbrico- 

 nereida, (6) Lysaretea, (7) Oenonidea, (8) Laidea, (9) Larandidea, 

 and (10) Staurocephalea. Six of the 10 are herein retained, 3 are regarded 

 as synonyms, and one (Larandidea) as incertae sedis. These are: 



1. Onuphidae, including Onuphiacea Kinberg 



2. Eunicidae, including Eunicea and Lycidicea of Kinberg 



3. Lumbrineridae, including Lumbriconereida and Ninoidea of Kinberg 



4. Arabellidae, new name, including Laidea Kinberg 



5. Lysaretidae, including Lysaretea and Oenonidea of Kinberg 



6. Dorvilleidae, including Staurocephalea Kinberg 



Larandidea Kinberg was erected for 2 species, Laranda gracilis and 

 L. sulcata; both are not recognizable from their descriptions. (See also 

 p. 135.) 



Ehlers' (1868) scheme is of particular significance, since it immedi- 

 ately recognized (though without stressing) a major distinction separat- 

 ing the Eunicea labidognatha (maxillae disposed in a semicircle) from 

 the Eunice prionognatha (maxillae in parallel rows). This at once groups 

 the onuphids, eunicids, and lumbrinerids together and places the arabellids 

 with the lysaretids. The dorvilleids (=Staurocephalidae) depart more 

 widely from any of the others than these do among themselves. It is of 

 particular note that, although Kinberg (1865) had earlier made provision 

 for this distinction in erecting the family Laidea (thus retaining the ara- 

 bellids distinct from the lumbrinerids), Ehlers was able to evade the issue 

 by referring all genera to a single family, Eunicea. Since Ehlers' scheme is 

 more or less accepted herein but has remained neglected, the main outlines 

 are restated. 



