I 



NO. 5 BARNARD : AMPHIPODA 29 



unlike the other Californian species of Paraphoxus, it rarely occurs in 

 shallow waters, having its minimum depth at 75 m. 



A subspecies, possibly an ecotype of the deepwater north Atlantic 

 Leptophoxus falcatus, is a relatively important member of the bathyal 

 southern Californian amphipod fauna. 



JJrothoe varvarini, an haustoriid, is eurybathic in southern Cali- 

 fornia, occurring between 31 and 1292 m, and members of its deeper 

 populations are blind. Its distribution resembles that of its close rela- 

 tive, U. elegans, a species found between and 3100 m in the Atlantic 

 Ocean but submerging towards the tropics. 



Several circumboreal species occur in southern California: Hippom- 

 edon denticulatus, Ampelisca Tnacrocephala, and those already dis- 

 cussed — Westwoodilla c. acutifrons, Bruzelia tuberculata, Paraphoxus 

 oculatus, and Leptophoxus falcatus. Possibly, with the records here ob- 

 tained, one must also consider Haploops spinosa and Sophrosyne robert- 

 soni as circumboreal. Cosmopolitan (or bipolar) species include Argissa 

 hamatipes and possibly Nicippe tumida, both of which are eurybathic. 

 The second record herein of Sophrosyne robertsoni in 70 years is an 

 indication not only of the need for more sampling in the bathyal, but 

 also of the rarity of the species or its concealment in a special habitat 

 that is sampled only by accident. 



Ampelisca eoa is a shallow-water, north Pacific species submerging 

 tropicwards in southern California, where its minimum depth is 210 m. 

 Ampelisca furcigera is a deepwater north Pacific species extending south- 

 ward as far as southern California at relatively similar depths in the 

 bathyal. 



By excluding eurybathic species and any known to occur in depths of 

 less than 100 m, one tallies 47 species of bathyal amphipods from south- 

 ern California (Table 18), of which 8 have been reported outside of 

 the northeastern Pacific. This sparse occurrence of extrinsic members of 

 the fauna is artificial, for bathyal explorations in other parts of the 

 Pacific are few. 



The systematic relationship of the bathyal fauna to the local sublit- 

 toral fauna appears to be rather low. Indeed, many of the genera are 

 different (Table 23). Only 9 of 27 genera are sublittoral in character, 

 the remaining 18 genera occurring only in the bath3^al. Of course, many 

 of the "bathyal" genera exist in the sublittoral of the cold-temperate 

 zone. Twenty-nine of the bathyal species belong to bathyal genera, and 

 17 belong to sublittoral genera. I find no evidence of close morphological 



