Table 8-1. Constitution and natural origin of typical disaccharides (Shafizadeh 

 and Wolfrom, 1958). 



Common name 



Constitution 



Origin 



Trehalose 



Sucrose 



Inulobiose 



Galactinol 



Sophorose 



Laminaribiose 



Nigerose 



Turanose 



a-D-Glucopyranosyl 

 a-D-glucopyranoside 



a-D-Glucopyranosyl 

 y8-D-fructofuranoside 



a-D-Glucopyranosyl 

 a-L-sorbofuranoside 



a-D-Glucopyranosyl 

 )8-D-^/ireo-pentuloside 



1 -0-/3-D-Fructofuranosyl- 

 D-fructose 



1-0-a-D-Galactopyranosyl- 



D-mjo-inositol 

 2- 0-a-D-Glucopy ranosyl- 



D-glucose 



2-0-;8-D-Glucopyranosyl- 



D-glucose 

 2-0-(a-D-Galactopyranosyl- 



uronic acid)-L-rhamnose 



2-0-a-D-Xylopyranosyl- 



L-arabinose 

 2-0-(a-D-Glucopyranosyl- 



uronic acid)-D-xylose 

 2-0-(4-0-Methyl-a-D- 



glucopyranosyluronic acid)- 



D-xylose 



3-0-^-D-Glucopyranosyl- 

 D-glucose 



3-0-a-D-Glucopyranosyl- 

 D-glucose 



3-0-a-D-Glucopyranosyl- 



D-fructose 

 3-0-;S-D-Galactopyranosyl- 



D- galactose 

 3-0-a-D-Glucopyranosyl- 



L-arabinose 

 3-0-a-D-Galactopyranosyl- 



L-arabinose 

 3- O-yS-L- Arabinopyranosyl- 



L-arabinose 

 3-O-a-D-Xylopyranosyl- 



L-arabinose 



Fungi, mushrooms, yeast, sea- 

 weeds, trehala manna 



Most abundant sugar in plant 



saps 

 Enzymic synthesis 



Enzymic synthesis 



Hydrolysis of inulin 



Sugar beet 

 Enzymic synthesis 



Sophoraflavonoloside from 



Sophora japonica 

 Hydrolysis of mucilages from 



slippery elm, flaxseed (Plan- 



tago ovata) and okra 

 Hydrolysis of corn cob hemi- 



cellulose 

 Hydrolysis of corn cob hemi- 



ceUulose 

 Hydrolysis of corn cob hemi- 



cellulose 



Hydrolysis of Laminaria poly- 

 saccharide 



Hydrolysis of amylopectin and 

 the polysaccharide from 

 Aspergillus niger 



Hydrolysis of melezitose 



Hydrolysis of arabic acid and 

 the gum of Acacia pycnantha 

 Enzymic synthesis 



Autohydrolysis of arabic acid 



Hydrolysis of e-galactan of 



larch, and gums 

 Autohydrolysis of golden apple 



gum 



144 



