SUBJECT INDEX 



519 



Leaves — cont. 



leathery, 176 ; small, 187 

 sqq. ; sun and shade, 153, 

 157, 181 ; upright, 119 ; 

 youth and adult, 155, 444 sqq. 



Lianas, 303 



Life forms, 451 



Light, absorption of, 80 ; effect of, 

 on seedlings, 438 ; effect of, 

 on seed germination, 426 

 quality and atmospheric condi- 

 tions, 130 ; quality, changes 

 through the day, 130 



Lime, effect of, on plants, 65, 249 ; 

 on soil, 13 



Limiting factors, 144, 209, 444 



Macchia, hairy plants of, 180 



Malacophily, 354, 375 



Mangroves, dispersal of, 416 ; os- 

 motic pressure of, 52 ; root 

 systems of, 43, 432 ; seeds 

 of, 431 ; water storage of, 

 161, 162 



Marsh plants, hairiness of, 181 



Mast years, 451 



Mechanical tissues, disposition of, 

 283, 289, 304 ; reduction of, 

 in aquatics, 295 



Mesophytes, 160, 200 



stomatal movements of, 172 



Metabolism, of guard cells, 103, 105, 

 109 ; of succulents, 198 



Mineral nutrients, retention of, in 

 soil, 9 

 essential, 2 

 also under Salts, nutrient 



Moisture, capillary, 13 ; equivalent, 

 16; gravitational, 13; hygro- 

 scopic, 13 



Moorland plants, 190 sqq. 



Movements of floral axis, 404 ; of 

 flowers, 348 ; of leaves, 119, 

 120, 187, 270, 311 ; of 

 peduncles, 403 ; of roots, 22, 

 295 ; of stamens, 390 ; of 

 stigmas, 389 ; of tendrils, 

 297 sqq. ; of tentacles, 268 ; 

 of twining plants, 296 

 hygroscopic, 408 ; post-floral, 

 403 ; turgor, 410 



Mycorhiza, 244 sqq. 



effect of, on roots, 245 ; sig- 

 nificance of, 246 ; synthesis 

 of, 246 

 and nitrogen supply, 246, 249 ; 

 and salt supply, 246, 249 ; 

 and water supply, 246, 249 



Mycorhiza — cont. 



localisation of fungus, 250, 254 ; 



mode of infection, 245, 247, 



250 

 specialisation of fungus, 250, 



254 

 ectotrophic, 244 sqq. ; endo- 

 trophic, 247 sqq. 

 Mycotrophic plants, 217, 240, 244, 



257 

 also under Mycorhiza 



Nectar, 260, 274, 359 

 protection of, 360 

 Nectaries, 359 sqq., 374 



extra-floral, 311 

 Nectarless fiowers, 359 

 Nitrogen, compounds in soil, 20 

 fixation, by bacteria, 20 ; by 

 symbiotic bacteria, 258 sqq. ; 

 by mycorhiza, 248, 255, 257 

 supply, of heterotrophic plants, 

 282 ; of insectivores, 281 

 Nyctinastic movements, of flowers, 

 349 sqq. ; of leaves, 204 



Oils, ethereal, and transpiration, 184 



Organic food, and flowering plants, 

 217 ; and green plants, 243 ; 

 and insectivores, 281 ; and 

 mycorhiza, 254, 255 ; and 

 parasites, 219 sqq. ; and sapro- 

 phytes, 241, 243 



Ornithophily, 354, 373 



Osmotic pressure, 49 



of guard cells, 104, 106 ; of 

 desert plants, 52 ; of epi- 

 phytes, 239 ; of leaves, 52, 

 174 ; of halophytes, 51 ; of 

 mangroves, 52 ; of parasites, 

 239 ; of roots, 50 sqq. ; of 

 storage tissues, 162 



Outbreeding, 322, 339 



Parasites, 217, 218 sqq. 



absorbing organs of, 222, 226 ; 

 assimilation of, 220, 225 ; 

 attachment of, 220, 321, 230, 

 231 ; effect of, on host, 229 ; 

 germination of seeds of, 

 219, 221, 222, 230, 231, 235 ; 

 growth of, as saprophytes, 

 236 ; organic food of, 219, 

 236 ; osmotic pressure of, 

 239 ; reduction of, 228, 229, 

 231, 233, 234, 236, 237 ; 

 salt supply of, 221 sqq. ; 

 specialisation of, 225, 230, 



