rungi. 597 



(3). The Statement made by Klebs that spore-formation 

 depended mainly on the suppression of food material is not 

 confirmed, in fact it is shown tiiat the presence of a food supply 

 is not detrimental to this function, and furthermore Saccliaro- 

 myces aiwmaliis (Hans.) can only form spores when food is 

 present. 



B. Internal conditions. A sexual process must occiir in 

 cells of Zygosaccharomyces before spores can be formed. 



A similar sexual process occurs in the case of Schizo- 

 saccharomyces octosporus (Beyerinck) and 6". Pombe. 



Certain appearances in stained specimens of young spore- 

 cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae I., may also indicate the 

 occurrence of a very simple sexual act. 



As regards the systematic position of the Saccharomycetes 

 the author considers that they should be considered as be- 

 longing to the Ascomycetes, in as much as the product of the 

 sexual act is an ascus, and not a zygospore, and with possible 

 affinities to such a species as Endomyces decipiens. The 

 budding yeasts and those formed exciusively by fission — Schizo- 

 saccharomycesj are connected by Saccharomyces Ladwigii, and 

 these along with the Zygosaccharomyces, characterised by the 

 peculiar sexual process vvhich takes place preliminary to spore- 

 formation, but agreeing with the other forms by its budding 

 method of growth, endogenous spore-formation, and fermenta- 

 tive power, are considered as constituting a concrete group, 

 the Saccharomycetes ; characterised by endogenous spore-for- 

 mation and yeast-like habit. Subsidiary characters are fer- 

 menting power possessed by many species, method of spore 

 germination, and small number of spores produced in 

 one cell. G. Massee (Kew). 



Kuhland, W., Zur Kenntniss der intracellularen 

 Karyogamie bei den Basidiomyceten. (Botanische 

 Zeitung. 1901. Heft X. p. 187—206. Mit 1 Tafel.) 



Beim Studium des von Dangeard und Wager entdeckten 

 Kernverschmelzungsvorganges in der Basidie gelangte Verf. zu 

 folgenden Resultaten: Die Zellen der Hyphen besitzen 2 

 (z. B. Hydnangiiim carneiim) oder auch ein mehrfaches von 

 2 Kernen, die paarweise neben einander liegen. Sie treten 

 simultan in Karyokinese. Beide Spindeln liegen parallel zu 

 einander und annähernd parallel zur Längsachse der Mutter- 

 hyphe. In Folge dessen stammen die Angehörigen je eines 

 neuen Tochterkernpaares nicht unmittelbar von einander ab, 

 sondern ihnen entspricht je ein Schwesterkern des anderen, 

 jungen Kernpaares, die somit sehr differenten Ursprung haben. 

 Im Gegensatz zu den Angaben früherer Autoren fand Verf., 

 entsprechend den Lagerungsverhältnissen der Kerne in den 

 vegetativen Hyphen, die Anzahl der in die junge, zunächst 

 kernlose Basidie eintretenden Kernpaare gleich zwei, welche 

 später zur V^erschmelzung gelangen. Niemals findet vor ihrer 



