I 
SUBFAMILY NYMFHALIN/E (THE NYMPHS) 
(t Entomology extends the limits of being in new directions, so that 1 walk in 
nature with a sense of greater space and freedom. It suggests, besides, that the 
universe is not rough-hewn, but perfect in its details. Nature will bear the closest 
inspection; she invites us to lay our eye level with the smallest leaf and take an 
insect view of its plane.”— Thoreau. 
“ My butterfly-net and pocket magnifying-glass are rare companions for a walk 
in the country.”— William Hamilton Gibson, Sharp Eyes , p. 117. 
Butterfly .— The butterflies of this subfamily are mainly of 
moderate or large size, though some of the genera contain quite 
small species. The antennse are always more or less heavily 
clothed with scales, and are usually as long as the abdomen, and 
in a few cases even longer. The club is always well developed; 
it is usually long, but in some genera is short and stout. The 
palpi are short and stout, densely clothed with scales and hairs. 
The thorax is relatively stout, in some genera exceedingly so. 
The fore wings are relatively broad, the length being to the breadth 
in most cases in the ratio of 5 to 3, or 3 to 2, though in a few 
mimetic forms these wings are greatly produced, and narrow, 
patterning after the outline of the Heliconians and Ithomiids, which 
they mimic. The fore wings are in most genera produced at the 
apex, and more or less strongly excavated on the outer margin 
below the apex. The discoidal cell is usually less than half the 
length of the wing from base to tip. It is occasionally open, but 
is more generally closed at its outer extremity by discocellular 
veins diminishing in thickness from the upper to the lower outer 
angle of the cell. The costal nervure usually terminates midway 
between the end of the cell and the tip. The two inner subcostal 
nervules usually arise before the end of the cell; the outer sub¬ 
costal nervules invariably arise beyond the end of the cell. 
The hind wings are rounded or angulated, with the outer 
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