Genus Pyrrhanaea 
Fig. 111 . — Neuration of the 
genus Pyrrhancea. 
Caterpillar. —Head somewhat globular in appearance; the an¬ 
terior portion of the first thoracic segment of the body is much 
smaller in diameter than the head; the body 
is cylindrical, tapering to a point. 
Chrysalis. — Short, stout, with trans¬ 
verse ridges above the wings on the middle 
of the abdomen, keeled on the sides. The 
cremaster is small and furnished with a glob¬ 
ular tip, the face of which is on the same 
plane as the ventral surface of the body, 
causing the chrysalis to hang somewhat ob¬ 
liquely from the surface which supports it. 
This is a large genus of mostly tropical 
species, possessed of rather singular habits. 
The caterpillars in the early stages of their 
existence have much the same habits as the 
caterpillars of the genus Basilarchia , which 
have been already described. After passing 
the third moult they construct for themselves 
nests by weaving the edges of a leaf together, and thus conceal 
themselves from sight, emerging in the dusk to feed upon the 
food-plant. They live upon the Enphorbiacece , the Lauracece, and 
the Piperacece. The insects are double-brooded in the cooler 
regions of the North, and are probably many-brooded in the 
tropics. 
(i) Pyrrhanaea andria, Scudder, Plate XXIV, Fig. i, ? (The 
Goatweed Butterfly). 
Butterfly , $. — Solidly bright red above, the outer margins 
narrowly dusky on the borders. On the under side the wings 
are gray, dusted with brown scales, causing them to resemble 
the surface of a dried leaf. 
$ .— The female has the upper side paler and marked by pale 
fulvous bands, as shown in the plate. Expanse, 6 , 2.50 inches; 
$, 3.00 inches. 
Early Stages. — In Fig. 21, on p. 9, is a good representation of 
the mature caterpillar, the nest which it constructs for itself, and 
the chrysalis. A full account of the life-history may be found 
in the “ Fifth Missouri Report ” from the pen of the late C. V. Riley. 
The caterpillar feeds on Croton capitatum. 
The insect ranges from Illinois and Nebraska to Texas. 
192 
